Maintaining biodiversity promotes the multifunctionality of social-ecological systems: holistic modelling of a mountain system

Mao, Zhun; Centanni, Julia; Pommereau, Franck; Stokes, Alexia; Gaucherel, Cédric

doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101220

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The LBV-model is built from if-then rules (Fig. 2), a methodology previously proposed to model ecosystem dynamics from expert knowledge [31,[37][38][39]. STGs can also be built from differential equations [9] or Boolean networks [32,57], with possible bridges between both [33].…”

Section: Choosing a System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Model-checking ecological state-transition graphs

Thomas

Cosme

Gaucherel

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Model-checking is a methodology developed in computer science to automatically assess the dynamics of discrete systems, by checking if a system modelled as a state-transition graph satisfies a dynamical property written as a temporal logic formula. The dynamics of ecosystems have been drawn as state-transition graphs for more than a century, from state-and-transition models to assembly graphs. Thus, model-checking can provide insights into both empirical data and theoretical models, as long as they sum up into state-transition graphs. While model-checking proved to be a valuable tool in systems biology, it remains largely underused in ecology. Here we promote the adoption of the model-checking toolbox in ecology through its application to an illustrative example. We assessed the dynamics of a vegetation model inspired from state-and-transition models by model-checking Computation Tree Logic formulas built from a proposed catalogue of patterns. Model-checking encompasses a wide range of concepts and available software, mentioned in discussion, thus its implementation can be fitted to the specific features of the described system. In addition to the automated analysis of ecological state-transition graphs, we believe that defining ecological concepts with temporal logics could help clarifying and comparing them.Author summaryEcologists have drawn state-transition graphs representing the dynamics of ecosystems for more than a century. Model-checking is an automated method for the analysis of such graphs developed in computer science and acknowledged by a Turing award in 2007. Ecologists appear to be mostly unaware of model-checking despite its successes in systems biology to assess the dynamics of biological networks.We promote model-checking of ecological state-transition graphs through its application to an illustrative vegetation model. We exemplify the insights provided by model-checking by assessing management policies aiming to tackle savanna encroachment. We also provide a catalogue of patterns to help ecologists with the difficulty of formally expressing dynamical properties. We also discuss the wide range of model-checking concepts and available software, enabling to fit the specific features of the studied system, such as durations or probabilities.Model-checking can be applied to both empirical data and theoretical models, as long as they sum up into state-transition graphs. It provides automated and accurate answers to complex questions that could barely be analysed through human examination, if not impossible to answer this way. In addition to the automated analysis of ecological state-transition graphs, we believe that formally defining ecological concepts within the model-checking framework could help in clarifying and comparing them.

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Section: Choosing a System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…STGs can also be the output of a wide diversity of modelling formalisms in ecology and environmental sciences [9,30,31]. Recently, some studies have used Boolean models such as synchronous Boolean networks (i.e.…”

Section: State-transition Graphs In Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-checking ecological state-transition graphs

Thomas

Cosme

Gaucherel

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The copyright holder for this preprint (which this version posted April 6, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.05.438440 doi: bioRxiv preprint networks also yielded insights about community assembly (Campbell et al, 2011), response to extinctions (Campbell et al, 2012) and invasibility (Campbell et al, 2015). More recently, discreteevent Boolean models (Gaucherel et al, 2020;Mao et al, 2021) have been used for ecosystem services assessment, further expanding their use in ecology. But what could justify the use of a Boolean abstraction in an ecological context?…”

Section: Discrete-event and Rule-based Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A STG often includes thousands of states (Gaucherel et al, 2020;Mao et al, 2021), rendering visual analysis impracticable. Therefore, in a third step, we used the above-mentioned partitions to generate summary graphs (Diop et al, 2019;Monteiro et al, 2014).…”

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

East-African savanna dynamics: from a knowledge-based model to the possible futures of a social-ecological system

Cosme¹,

Hély

Pommereau

et al. 2021

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Sub-Saharan savanna ecosystems are undergoing transitions such as bush encroachment, desertification or agricultural expansion. Such shifts and persistence of land cover are increasingly well understood, especially bush encroachment which is of major concern in pastoral systems. Although dominant factors can explain such transformations, they often result from intertwined causes in which human activities play a significant role. Therefore, in this latter case, these issues may require integrated solutions, involving many interacting components. Ecosystem modelling has proved appropriate to support decision-makers in such complex situations. However, ecosystem models often require lots of quantitative information for estimating parameters and the precise functional form of interactions is often unknown. Alternatively, in rangeland management, States-and-Transitions Models (STMs) have been developed to organize knowledge about system transitions and to help decision-makers. However, these conceptual diagrams often lack mathematical analyzing tools, which strongly constrains their complexity. In this paper, we introduce the Ecological Discrete-Event Network (EDEN) modelling approach for representing the qualitative dynamics of an East-African savanna as a set of discrete states and transitions generated from empirical rules. These rules are derived from local knowledge, field observations and scientific literature. In contrast with STMs, EDEN generates automatically every possible states and transitions, thus enabling the prediction of novel ecosystem structures. Our results show that the savanna is potentially resilient to the disturbances considered. Moreover, the model highlights all transitions between vegetation types and socio-economic profiles under various climatic scenarios. The model also suggests that wildlife diversity may increase socio-economic resistance to seasonal drought. Tree-grass coexistence and agropastoralism have the widest ranges of conditions of existence of all vegetation types and socio-economic profiles, respectively. As this is a preliminary use of EDEN for applied purpose, analysis tools should be improved to enable finer investigation of desirable trajectories. By translating local knowledge into ecosystem dynamics, the EDEN approach seems promising to build a new bridge between managers and modellers.

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“…Many European landscapes express the millennial interactions between natural processes and anthropic activities that transform ecosystems in order to adapt them to human needs [1][2][3]. The landscape is thus a Social-Ecological System (SES) resulting from the co-evolution of human societies with their environment through change, instability, and mutual adaptation [4][5][6]. Land use and land cover are the result of the mutual interactions between socio-economic and ecological processes [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Ecosystem Services Can Strengthen the Regeneration Policies for Monumental Olive Groves Destroyed by Xylella fastidiosa Bacterium in a Peri-Urban Area

et al. 2021

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The Apulian Region (Italy) is a socio-ecological system shaped by the millennial co-evolution between human actions and ecological processes. It is characterized by monumental olive groves protected from Regional Law 14/2007 for the cultural value of the landscape, currently threatened by the spread of a devastating phytopathogen, the bacteria Xylella fastidiosa. The aim of this paper is to apply landscape resilience analysis focusing on ecosystem services to understand the potential effects and trade-offs of regeneration policies in a peri-urban area characterized by monumental olive groves land cover. The study involved land-cover and land-use analysis, supported by a survey on the inhabitants and an ecosystem services analysis. The results showed a mismatch between the agroecosystem and the social and economic use linked to leisure or hospitality. The study area was defined as a peri-urban landscape characterized by tourist use. From the interviews of the users, the cultural heritage of olive groves seems linked to the presence of olive trees like a status quo of the landscape and olive oil productions. The culture aspect could thus be preserved by changing the type of olive trees. In addition, the analysis showed that the microclimate could be preserved and enhanced in terms of air temperature and thermal comfort, by replacing the olive trees with varieties resistant to Xylella, such as cv. Leccino. Therefore, regeneration policies that promote replacing dead olive groves with new olive trees could be efficient to stimulate social components of the landscape and improve the resilience of ecosystem services in peri-urban areas in the interest of the cultural heritage of the users and benefits that they provide. An ecosystem services analysis at a local scale could be a strategy for an integrated regenerate approach between land-use and land-cover with social, ecological, and economic evolutions vision orientated to a sustainable and desirable future.

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Maintaining biodiversity promotes the multifunctionality of social-ecological systems: holistic modelling of a mountain system

Cited by 23 publications

References 80 publications

Model-checking ecological state-transition graphs

Model-checking ecological state-transition graphs

East-African savanna dynamics: from a knowledge-based model to the possible futures of a social-ecological system

How Ecosystem Services Can Strengthen the Regeneration Policies for Monumental Olive Groves Destroyed by Xylella fastidiosa Bacterium in a Peri-Urban Area

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