Maintenance of abyssal benthic foraminifera under high pressure and low temperature: some preliminary results

Turley, CM; Gooday, A.J.; Green, J.C.

doi:10.1016/0967-0637(93)90063-9

Cited by 44 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Blair et al 1996, Levin et al 1997, Moodley et al 2000. Foraminiferal ingestion of algae under high pressure and low temperature has also been documented (Turley et al 1993).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria and Foraminifera: key players in a short-term deep-sea benthic response to phytodetritus

Moodley¹,

Middelburg²,

Boschker³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

192

195

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The deep-sea floor has long been considered a 'food desert' but recent observations suggest that episodic inputs of relatively fresh organic matter (phytodetritus) occur and that benthic processing of this material may be rapid. Although the responses of the total community in terms of oxygen consumption and of some individual benthic groups have been identified, the quantitative role of the different groups in the short-term response remains largely unknown. We examined the short-term response in major benthic compartments in an in situ experiment in the NE Atlantic (2170 m water depth) using 13 C-enriched diatoms as a tracer of labile carbon. Within 35 h, 6 mg C m -2 was processed by the benthos, with the majority of the processed carbon recorded as respiration (45%). Among the fauna retained on a 300 µm sieve, Foraminifera were rapid consumers which, together with Bacteria, accounted for 50% of the processing. Therefore, although Bacteria dominate long-term carbon mineralization (as suggested by their general dominance in the benthic biomass), some faunal components, in this case Foraminifera, may play a central role in the rapid initial processing of fresh organic carbon in deep-sea sediments.

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“…Blair et al 1996, Levin et al 1997, Moodley et al 2000. Foraminiferal ingestion of algae under high pressure and low temperature has also been documented (Turley et al 1993).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria and Foraminifera: key players in a short-term deep-sea benthic response to phytodetritus

Moodley¹,

Middelburg²,

Boschker³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

192

195

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“…In the case of foraminiferans, which are unicellular protists and therefore lack guts, these biomarkers will be located either in the contents of food vacuoles or in the lipid inclusions that are sometimes a prominent feature of foraminiferal cytoplasm (e.g. Heeger 1990, Turley et al 1993. Fatty acids that either lack double bonds (saturated) or include only a single double bond (monounsaturated) tend to be used as storage reserves and are extensively catabolised to generate metabolic energy.…”

Section: Lipid Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology and nutrition of the large agglutinated foraminiferan Bathysiphon capillare in the bathyal NE Atlantic: distribution within the sediment profile and lipid biomarker composition

Gooday¹,

Pond²,

Bowser³

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The large agglutinated foraminiferan Bathysiphon capillare de Folin (Protista) was an important component of the macrofauna in box core samples recovered at a 950 m site on the southern flank of the Wyville-Thomson Ridge, northern Rockall Trough. The long, narrow, very smooth, flexible tubes of B. capillare reached a maximum length of almost 10 cm. Densities ranged from 100 to 172 ind. m -2 , a figure that represents at least 5 to 9% of metazoan macrofaunal densities. This infaunal species usually adopted a more or less horizontal orientation within the upper 5 cm layer of brownish sandy silt. Its cytoplasm yielded a diverse spectrum of fatty acids. These included various monounsaturated fatty acids (39% of total), mainly 18:1(n-7), 20:1(n-9) and 22:1(n-7), the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) 20:4(n-6), 20.5(n-3) and 22.6(n-3), and non-methylene diene-interrupted fatty acids (NMIDS), particularly 22:2∆7,13 and 22:2∆7,15. The spectrum of PUFAs is consistent with the ingestion by B. capillare of phytodetrital material. However, the presence of NMIDS, reported here for the first time in a protist, provides evidence for a substantial bacterial component in the diet. Viewed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the cytoplasm occupied a narrow space between the inner organic test lining and an inner core of detritus around which it formed a sheath. The core material included numerous spherical structures (2 to 10 µm diameter) that we interpret as stercomata (waste pellets composed largely of mineral grains). Taken together, our observations suggest that B. capillare is a deposit feeder, consuming sediment, detritus and associated bacteria. Other deep infaunal foraminiferans probably have a similar diet, leading us to speculate that these protists, which are often abundant in dysoxic settings, may contribute significantly to carbon cycling in the deep sea. Since B. capillare and similar large Bathysiphon species can be recovered in good condition from bathyal depths, they may prove to be ideal experimental subjects for addressing some fundamental issues in the lipid biochemistry of deep-sea benthic organisms.

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“…The observation of pressure-induced cell encystment in species of flagellates isolated from the 2500 m hydrothermal vent was unanticipated, as the pressures used in these experiments were not exceptionally high when compared with similar studies involving protozoan trophs retrieved from stations at greater depths and pressures Grassle 1986;Turley and Carstens 1991;Turley et al 1993;). However, the discovery that pressure-induced cysts yield active trophs upon release from an inhibitory pressure has ecological implications regarding flagellate seeding if advection to shallow waters can occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Assessment of flagellate diversity at deep-sea hydrothermal vents using the combined approach of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods

Atkins¹

2000

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Maintenance of abyssal benthic foraminifera under high pressure and low temperature: some preliminary results

Cited by 44 publications

References 18 publications

Bacteria and Foraminifera: key players in a short-term deep-sea benthic response to phytodetritus

Bacteria and Foraminifera: key players in a short-term deep-sea benthic response to phytodetritus

Ecology and nutrition of the large agglutinated foraminiferan Bathysiphon capillare in the bathyal NE Atlantic: distribution within the sediment profile and lipid biomarker composition

Assessment of flagellate diversity at deep-sea hydrothermal vents using the combined approach of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods

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