Malaria parasite burden and treatment seeking behavior in ethnic communities of Assam, Northeastern India

Dev, Vas; Phookan, Sobhan; Sharma, V. P.; Dash, A. P.; Anand, S.P.

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2005.02.033

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In north-eastern states, [20% of malaria endemic communities are reported to be asymptomatic cases, which are unlikely to seek malaria treatment (Dev and Phookan 2006;Gogoi et al 1995). Apparently, inadequate interventions against the parasite reservoir in the communities facilitate the year-round malaria transmission and the associated risk is assessed to be much greater in vector dense areas.…”

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confidence: 99%

A cross sectional investigation of malaria epidemiology among seven tea estates in Assam, India

et al. 2011

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In the present investigation, the epidemiology of malaria among seven tea estates of Nagaon and Udalguri districts of Assam, India has been described. A cross-sectional open study was carried out to understand the malaria epidemiology and associated risk factors among the tea tribes during March to September 2009. Out of 1,182 peripheral blood smears examined, 506 found positive for malaria (slide positivity rate, SPR = 42.8) with Plasmodium falciparum as predominant species. Dimakuchi tea estate was having highest SPR (P = 0.0275) and contributed more number of P. falciparum cases (P \ 0.00001). Tea estates studied in both Udalguri and Nagaon districts were equally affected and the SPR recorded were 41.75 and 43.32% respectively. 154 malaria cases detected were having 'O' blood group but each blood group was found to have similar susceptibility of acquiring malaria infection (v 2 = 3.603; P = 0.3076) and P. falciparum infection (v 2 = 1.818; P = 0.6110). The SPR was highest among children more than 2 years of age group and variation in SPR among the age groups was statistically significant (v 2 = 17.186; P = 0.0018). No gender biasing was observed in malaria distribution. Anemia was found associated with the infection among both the sexes. The findings suggest that tea estates are endemic for stable malaria transmission primarily due to P. falciparum and the prevalence rate decline with age, suggesting the development of protective immunity. Promising intervention measures could be able to reduce the malaria prevalence effectively in the study areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross sectional investigation of malaria epidemiology among seven tea estates in Assam, India

et al. 2011

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“…For example, deltrametrin (a synthetic pyrethoid) is used for IRS in Bhutan, whereas dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is still used in the neighbouring states of Assam, India, even though there are reports of vector resistance to DDT (Dev et al, 2006;Wangdi et al, 2010;Mittal et al, 2004). Effective control or elimination requires both countries across the international boundary to be committed to malaria interventions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cross-Border Malaria: A Major Obstacle for Malaria Elimination

Wangdi

Gatton

Kelly

et al. 2015

Advances in Parasitology

125

111

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“…While four Plasmodium species commonly infect humans, malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for most deaths, particularly in children under the age of 5 and pregnant women (2,24). Both prevention and treatment of P. falciparum malaria are under threat because of the spread of drug-resistant parasites.…”

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The Aminopeptidase Inhibitor CHR-2863 Is an Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of Murine Malaria

Skinner‐Adams

Peatey

Anderson

et al. 2012

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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g Malaria remains a significant risk in many areas of the world, with resistance to the current antimalarial pharmacopeia an everincreasing problem. The M1 alanine aminopeptidase (PfM1AAP) and M17 leucine aminopeptidase (PfM17LAP) are believed to play a role in the terminal stages of digestion of host hemoglobin and thereby generate a pool of free amino acids that are essential for parasite growth and development. Here, we show that an orally bioavailable aminopeptidase inhibitor, CHR-2863, is efficacious against murine malaria. Malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with as many as 1 million deaths each year (3). While four Plasmodium species commonly infect humans, malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for most deaths, particularly in children under the age of 5 and pregnant women (2, 24). Both prevention and treatment of P. falciparum malaria are under threat because of the spread of drug-resistant parasites. Resistance to chloroquine is now considered almost universal (36), while the efficacy of affordable antimalarial drugs, such as sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, the major drug used for intermittent preventative therapy, is declining (19,22). Artemisinin and its derivatives may be our last line of drug defense, although recent reports have indicated signs of reduced effectiveness of artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) (23,28). For the development of the next generation of antimalarial agents, new targets and pathways susceptible to interruption by chemotherapy need to be identified.The asexual intraerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium development are responsible for the clinical symptoms attributable to malaria, and most antimalarial drugs target these stages of the parasite's life cycle (15,30). Many laboratories have focused on the hydrolytic process of hemoglobin (Hb) digestion within the parasite's specialized digestive vacuole as a target for drug discovery (4,7,16,18,32). During the asexual development phase, malaria parasites degrade 65 to 75% of their host cell's Hb, a process that ultimately results in the release of amino acids that are used by the parasite for protein anabolism (29) and the maintenance of osmotic pressure within the infected erythrocyte (14). Two metalloaminopeptidase enzymes, the P. falciparum M1 alanine aminopeptidase (PfM1AAP) and the P. falciparum M17 leucine aminopeptidase (PfM17LAP), may be critical in the terminal stages of Hb degradation and the release of free amino acids (6, 21). We have shown that inhibitors of these aminopeptidases, such as the natural Phe-Leu dipeptide analog bestatin, derived from the fungus Streptomyces olivoretticuli, and several synthetic phosphinate dipeptide analogs, can kill P. falciparum parasites in culture. These compounds are also effective against the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi in vivo when administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) (32,33). We have also recently reported the production and characterization of functionally active recombinant P. falciparum M1 alanine aminopeptidas...

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Malaria parasite burden and treatment seeking behavior in ethnic communities of Assam, Northeastern India

Cited by 31 publications

References 23 publications

A cross sectional investigation of malaria epidemiology among seven tea estates in Assam, India

A cross sectional investigation of malaria epidemiology among seven tea estates in Assam, India

Cross-Border Malaria: A Major Obstacle for Malaria Elimination

The Aminopeptidase Inhibitor CHR-2863 Is an Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of Murine Malaria

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