Malaysian child infected with Plasmodium vivax via blood transfusion: a case report

Anthony, Claudia; Lau, Yee-Ling; Sum, Jia-Siang; Fong, Mun-Yik; Ariffin, Hany; Zaw, Wai-Linn; Jeyajothi, Indra; Mahmud, Rohela

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-12-308

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In contrast, nucleic acid amplification test (NAT), such as PCR, are able to detect the presence of low levels of DNA or RNA [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Malaria can be acquired through blood transfusion [ 9 , 10 ] due to asymptomatic donors with low parasite densities who are not screened for malaria before blood donation [ 11 ]. Many countries rely on travel history as an exclusion criterion for blood donation and have no approved test for blood screening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Still Searching for a Suitable Molecular Test to Detect Hidden Plasmodium Infection: A Proposal for Blood Donor Screening in Brazil

et al. 2016

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BackgroundEfforts have been made to establish sensitive diagnostic tools for malaria screening in blood banks in order to detect malaria asymptomatic carriers. Microscopy, the malaria reference test in Brazil, is time consuming and its sensitivity depends on microscopist experience. Although molecular tools are available, some aspects need to be considered for large-scale screening: accuracy and robustness for detecting low parasitemia, affordability for application to large number of samples and flexibility to perform on individual or pooled samples.MethodologyIn this retrospective study, we evaluated four molecular assays for detection of malaria parasites in a set of 56 samples previously evaluated by expert microscopy. In addition, we evaluated the effect of pooling samples on the sensitivity and specificity of the molecular assays. A well-characterized cultured sample with 1 parasite/μL was included in all the tests evaluated. DNA was extracted with QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit and eluted in 50 μL to concentrate the DNA. Pools were assembled with 10 samples each. Molecular protocols targeting 18S rRNA, included one qPCR genus specific (Lima-genus), one duplex qPCR genus/Pf (PET-genus, PET-Pf) and one duplex qPCR specie-specific (Rougemont: Roug-Pf/Pv and Roug-Pm/Po). Additionally a nested PCR protocol specie-specific was used (Snou-Pf, Snou-Pv, Snou-Pm and Snou-Po).ResultsThe limit of detection was 3.5 p/μL and 0.35p/μl for the PET-genus and Lima-genus assays, respectively. Considering the positive (n = 13) and negative (n = 39) unpooled individual samples according to microscopy, the sensitivity of the two genus qPCR assays was 76.9% (Lima-genus) and 72.7% (PET-genus). The Lima-genus and PET-genus showed both sensitivity of 86.7% in the pooled samples. The genus protocols yielded similar results (Kappa value of 1.000) in both individual and pooled samples.ConclusionsEfforts should be made to improve performance of molecular tests to enable the detection of low-density parasitemia if these tests are to be utilized for blood transfusion screening.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Still Searching for a Suitable Molecular Test to Detect Hidden Plasmodium Infection: A Proposal for Blood Donor Screening in Brazil

et al. 2016

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“…Although the exact numbers are unknown, the frequency of TTM has been estimated as 1 case per 4 million units donated in non-endemic areas [ 36 , 37 ]. Moreover, it is worth considering that in the malaria-endemic areas, it is a health problem as reported for Africa [ 7 , 39 , 40 ], Asia [ 41 ] and South America, including Brazil, where infected donors were detected in 2 studies that used different molecular approaches to test samples collected in blood banks located in the Amazon region [ 16 , 42 ]. Besides, TTM is a disease with a high lethality rate: all cases notified in Brazil since 2005 were fatal [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategy to improve malaria surveillance system preventing transfusion-transmitted malaria in blood banks using molecular diagnostic

Batista-dos-Santos

Freitas

Raiol

et al. 2018

Malar J

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BackgroundMalaria can be transmitted by blood transfusion through donations collected from asymptomatic or parasitic donors. The parasites are released into the bloodstream during its life cycle and will therefore be present in donated blood by infected individuals. All cases of transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) notified since 2005 in Brazil were fatal. A good screening tool for Plasmodium spp. detection in blood units must have a high detection threshold, and the prevention of TTM relies entirely on the exclusion of potentially infected donors. However, in Brazilian blood banks, the screening test relies on blood thick smears examination.MethodsThe molecular diagnostic based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) using real time PCR (mt-qPCR) was improved to detect Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and standardized for use in Plasmodium malariae. The analytic sensitivity of this mt-qPCR methodology was performed using a sample of P. vivax.ResultsThe mt-qPCR was highly efficient, and the analytic sensitivity for P. vivax was determined (0.000006 parasites/µL). This method was tested to detect P. vivax and P. falciparum in individuals from two malaria-endemic areas in Brazil, Amazon region (Pará and Rondônia states), the samples were collected in 10 reference units of two blood banks (Pará/nine cities and Rondônia/Porto Velho), and parasites mtDNA were detected in 10 of 2224 potential blood donors (0.45%). In all 10 positive samples, only P. vivax was detected.ConclusionMolecular diagnostic using mt-qPCR was effective in revealing infected potential donors with good perspectives to be applied as screening routine of asymptomatic carriers for preventing transfusion-transmitted malaria in blood banks.

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“…P. vivax transmission in some cases occurs by blood transfusion , but most cases of blood donors with asymptomatic infection, including P. vivax , are detected in the transfusion services previous to donation . Otherwise, there are cases of donors with later P. vivax relapses and no previous history of malaria.…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vivax malaria in a blood donor in Spain, relapse or a new infection in a malaria non‐endemic country?

et al. 2015

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Malaria is a vectorborne disease caused by protozoan of the genus Plasmodium, which can also be transmitted by the transfusion of infected red blood cells. One year after return from a travel to Honduras, a Spanish traveller developed vivax malaria. Prior to the onset of symptoms, the donor made a donation that tested non-reactive using an immunological test for malaria. Samples from the donor taken before donation and tested by serological and molecular methods were negative but positive at the time of hospital admission. The possible sources of the donors' infection, imported versus locally acquired, are discussed.

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Malaysian child infected with Plasmodium vivax via blood transfusion: a case report

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Still Searching for a Suitable Molecular Test to Detect Hidden Plasmodium Infection: A Proposal for Blood Donor Screening in Brazil

Still Searching for a Suitable Molecular Test to Detect Hidden Plasmodium Infection: A Proposal for Blood Donor Screening in Brazil

Strategy to improve malaria surveillance system preventing transfusion-transmitted malaria in blood banks using molecular diagnostic

Vivax malaria in a blood donor in Spain, relapse or a new infection in a malaria non‐endemic country?

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