Male fitness of oilseed rape (Brassica napus), weedy B. rapa and their F1 hybrids when pollinating B. rapa seeds

Pertl, M; Hauser, Thure P.; Damgaard, Christian; Jørgensen, Rikke Bagger

doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800131

Cited by 62 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This, too, is a common result of competition studies (Table 3). Typically, hybrids of several crop-wild complexes, under at least some densities, tend to be more successful, although not superior, under interbiotype vs intrabiotype competition conditions (van Gaal et al, 1998;Pertl et al, 2002;Hauser et al, 2003;Al-Ahmad & Gressel, 2006). Although our analysis of variance was limited to two frequencies (50% and 100%), the path analysis confirmed this trend continues when hybrids are grown under other hybrid frequencies (33% and 66%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Superior performance of crop-wild hybrids has been detected in a few cases where fecundity, number of flowers, or aboveground biomass were used as estimates of lifetime fitness (Klinger & Ellstrand, 1994;Pertl et al ., 2002;Vacher et al ., 2004). Although examples of superior performance of hybrids are rare, a growing number of studies show that hybrid fitness depends on genotype, generation, and environment (Campbell et al ., 1998;Hauser et al ., 2003;Lexer et al ., 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Competition alters life history and increases the relative fecundity of crop–wild radish hybrids (Raphanusspp.)

2006

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Summary• The evolutionary impact of crop-to-wild gene flow depends on the fitness of hybrids under natural, competitive conditions. Here, we measured the performance of third-generation (F 3 ) radish hybrids ( Raphanus raphanistrum × Raphanus sativus ) and weedy R. raphanistrum to understand how competitive interactions affect life history and relative fecundity.• Three wild and three F 1 crop-wild hybrid radish populations were established in semi-natural, agricultural conditions in Michigan, USA. The effects of competition on life-history traits and fecundity of F 3 progeny were measured 2 yr later in a common garden experiment.• Third-generation hybrid plants generally produced fewer seeds per fruit and set fewer fruits per flower than wild plants, resulting in lower lifetime fecundity. With increasing competition, age at reproduction was delayed, the relative number of seeds per fruit was reduced in wild plants and differences between hybrid and wild fecundity diminished.• Competition may enhance the fecundity of advanced-generation hybrids relative to wild plants by reducing differences in life history, potentially promoting the introgression of crop alleles into weed populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition alters life history and increases the relative fecundity of crop–wild radish hybrids (Raphanusspp.)

2006

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“…In a subsequent study, Hauser et al (1998b), found that a fitness penalty occurred in F 2 and backcrossed individuals, although a small percentage of hybrids were as fit as the weedy parent. The fitness of F 1 hybrids may also be frequency dependent (based on hybrid versus parent ratio), and the experimental design in future research may need to include the appropriate ratio of hybrid to parental weedy B. rapa plants to simulate selection for the hybrids with the highest fitness (Pertl et al 2002;Hauser et al 2003). Preliminary results from an experimental field study conducted in Ottawa, ON, in 2005 on two Canadian glyphosate resistant weedy B. rapa )B. napus BC 2 F 2 backcross hybrid populations under competitive field conditions (with vs. without wheat; weedy vs. weed-free) suggested that the hybrid is less fit than the parental weed population, regardless of the presence of the transgene (Warwick 2006).…”

Section: Female Parent)male Parent Citationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 137. Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.

Gulden¹,

Warwick²,

Thomas³

2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2008. The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 137. Brassica napus L. and B. rapa. Can. J. Plan Sci. 88: 951Á996. Brassica napus and B. rapa are native to Eurasia. In Canada, these species are commonly referred to as volunteer canola, while feral populations of B. rapa are referred to as birdrape. Brassica napus and B. rapa have been grown commercially for their seed oil content in western Canada since the middle of the last century and volunteer populations are common in fields. Escaped populations of both species are also found along roadways, railways and in waste areas; however, only B. rapa is known to have naturalized, self-sustaining feral populations in these habitats in eastern Canada. Despite these escaped and feral populations, B. napus and B. rapa are mainly a concern in agricultural fields where their combined relative abundance has increased over the past few decades. In the mid 1990s, herbicideresistant genotypes of B. napus were released for commercial production. Herbicide-resistance and the stacking of genes in volunteer populations conferring resistance to multiple herbicides have contributed to increased difficulties in controlling volunteer B. napus in some crops. However, yield loss resulting from volunteer populations is not well documented in Canada.Key words: Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, herbicide resistance, transgene escape, volunteer canola, weed biology Gulden, R. H., Warwick, S. I. et Thomas, A. G. 2008. La biologie des mauvaises herbes au Canada. 137. Brassica napus L. et B. rapa L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 88: 951Á996. Brassica napus et B. rapa sont des plantes originaires d'Eurasie. Au Canada, on les de´signe souvent sous l'expression « canola spontane´», tandis que les peuplements sauvages de B. rapa sont appele´s « navette ». Dans l'Ouest canadien, Brassica napus et B. rapa sont cultive´s commercialement pour l'huile que renferment leurs graines depuis le milieu du sie`cle dernier et les repousses spontane´es sont devenues monnaie courante dans les champs. On observe des peuplements des deux espe`ces le long des routes et des voies ferre´es ainsi que dans les terrains vagues, cependant on sait que seule B. rapa s'est acclimate´e pour donner des populations sauvages et stables dans les meˆmes habitats, dans l'est du pays. Malgre´cela, B. napus et B. rapa demeurent surtout pre´occupants dans les cultures, oul eur abondance relative, une fois combine´s, s'est accrue au cours des dernie`res de´cennies. Au milieu des anne´e 1990, des ge´notypes de B. napus re´sistants aux herbicides ont e´te´homologue´s pour la culture commerciale. Cette re´sistance et l'accumulation des ge`nes qui la codent dans les peuplements spontane´s ont concouru a`compliquer la lutte contre les repousses de B. napus dans certaines cultures. Quoi qu'il en soit, les pertes de rendement qui en re´sultent sont mal e´taye´es au Canada.

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“…The first step in this introgression process would be formation of F 1 -hybrids. Frequencies of hybridisation with B. rapa as seed parent (~) has been reported by a number of authors (eg Landbo et al, 1996;Pertl et al, 2002;Warwick et al, 2003), rather than with B. napus as the seed parent (Jrgensen and Andersen, 1994). However, since hybridisation with B. napus as the seed parent is the transgene escape route for transplastomic varieties, it is important to estimate the extent of hybridisation in this cross.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distribution of F 1 -hybrids among mother plants Hybridisation can be very genotype-dependent (Pertl et al, 2002). Thus, to minimise the 'genotype noise', we chose as B. napus (~) the variety Capitol, which should be homogenous because of its double-haploid origin.…”

Section: Johannessen Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition affects gene flow from oilseed rape (♀) to Brassica rapa (♂)

2006

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Unlike most studies on hybridisation between oilseed rape and Brassica rapa, this study focused on hybridisation with oilseed rape as the maternal parent. This is a key cross because, assuming that plastids are inherited maternally, F 1 -hybrid production with maternal oilseed rape (B. napus) is the only transgene escape route from transplastomic oilseed rape. We investigated such F 1 -hybrid production in winter oilseed rape co-cultivated with weedy B. rapa at three plant densities each with two proportions of the different species. The paternity of the progeny produced on oilseed rape was assessed, and several fitness parameters were determined in oilseed rape mother plants in order to correlate hybridisation and plant competition. At higher density, the vegetative fitness per mother plant decreased significantly, but the density only affected the frequency of F 1 -hybrids significantly (a decrease) in the treatment with equal proportions of each species. As to the proportions, at higher B. napus frequencies, there were fewer F 1 -hybrids per mother plant and a significant increase in most biomass components. Thus, B. rapa was the stronger competitor in its effect on both the vegetative and reproductive fitness in B. napus, and the hybridisation frequency. In conclusion, the relative frequency of the two species was a more influential parameter than the density. Hybridisation with B. napus as the female will be most likely at current field densities of B. napus and when B. rapa is an abundant weed.

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Male fitness of oilseed rape (Brassica napus), weedy B. rapa and their F1 hybrids when pollinating B. rapa seeds

Cited by 62 publications

References 29 publications

Competition alters life history and increases the relative fecundity of crop–wild radish hybrids (Raphanusspp.)

Competition alters life history and increases the relative fecundity of crop–wild radish hybrids (Raphanusspp.)

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 137. Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.

Competition affects gene flow from oilseed rape (♀) to Brassica rapa (♂)

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