Manganese alloying improved electron transfer in dye-sensitized solar cells with Cu2Cu1-xMnxSnS4 counter electrodes

Iron alloying improved electrocatalytic activity of Cu2Cu1−xFexSnS4 counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

“…The crystallinity degree of the CEs was improved compared with that of the procurer powder and maintained the orthorhombic structure. Moreover, the characteristic peaks shifted to lower angles, which is similar to the results of previous report 47 . With the increase of Fe 2+ content, the characteristic peaks belonging to the (0 0 12) of the CEs were distorted.…”

“…In addition, a slightly shift of the relatively weak peaks is observed which corresponds to interplanar spacing enlargement induced by the Fe alloying. For FT-0, the peaks located at 265, 298, 330 and 345 cm − 1 belong to the orthogonal CTS [47,50,53]. More distinct vibrational peaks of annealed CTS are distinct compared with F-0, which is due to the crystallization degree improvement and grain growth of CTS during the annealing.…”

“…TiO 2 photoanodes were prepared by screen printing technology [47]. The prepared photoanodes were annealed at 500°C for 30 min rstly and then immersed in an N719 dye solution in ethanol with a concentration of 3×10 − 4 mol/L for 20 h at 25°C in dark condition.…”

Remarkable Improvement of Thermoelectric Performance in Ga and Te Cointroduced Cu3SnS4

“…The refined XRD data of the powders (Cu 3 SnS 4 ) 1−x (Ga 2 Te 3 ) x (x = 0, 0.05, 0.085, 0.1, 0.105, 0.11, 0.125 and 0.15) are presented in Figure S1 and Tables S1 and S2, and their XRD patterns are summarized in Figure 1, where the matrix phase of CTS completely matches with the tetragonal structure (PDF: 33-0501). The diffraction patterns are the same as those observed in Sb/Se-9 and other element-alloyed CTS, 40,41 except for the minor impurities Ga 2 S 3 at x = 0.05 and Te (PDF: 36-1452) at x = 0.085−0.15 that precipitated, suggesting that the element Ga has been completely dissolved in the CTS lattice at x > 0.05. With the x value increasing from 0.085 to 0.125, the weight percent (wt %) of the impurity of Te increases nearly linearly, ranging from 2.59 to 4.81%, as shown in Figure S2.…”

Selenylation to charge transfer improvement at the counter electrode (CE)/electrolyte interface for nanocrystalline Cu1.8S1−xSex CEs

“…TiO 2 photoanodes were prepared by screen printing technology. 42,43 The thickness of the photoanodes is about 15 mm. The photoanodes were annealed at 500 1C for 15 min with a heating rate of 5 1C min À1 in an air atmosphere.…”