Manganese dioxide — a review of a battery chemical Part II. Solid state and electrochemical properties of manganese dioxides

Stable Stoichiometry of Gas-Phase Manganese Oxide Cluster Ions Revealed by Temperature-Programmed Desorption

“…22 The thermochemistry of MnO2 is known to However, a limited number of experimental and theoretical studies have been proposed on the gas-phase or unsupported manganese oxide clusters. [29][30][31] Ziemann et al produced manganese oxide clusters by a gas-aggregation technique and observed the formation of (MnO)x + (x = 1-13) and (MnO)xO + (x = [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] clusters by photoionization at 248 nm; 29 the mass-spectral abundance distribution suggested that the most stable structures for the stoichiometric clusters are stacks of rings of (MnO)3 units and that the oxygen-rich clusters prefer structures with a single Mn atom vacancy. Yin et al studied the reactivity of neutral manganese oxide clusters MnnOm (n = 2-13), which were generated by laser ablation of a Mn foil into 5% O2/He carrier gas and photoionized by a 118-nm laser radiation.…”

“…[15][16][17][18][19] In industrial applications, manganese oxide is used as a CO oxidation catalyst (which works at room temperature) 20,21 or a catalyst for the selective reduction of NO with NH3. 22 The thermochemistry of MnO2 is known to However, a limited number of experimental and theoretical studies have been proposed on the gas-phase or unsupported manganese oxide clusters.…”

Optimizing Li/MnO2 batteries: Relating manganese dioxide properties and electrochemical performance

“…It follows then that combining all the relationships found in this study should point to the properties of HEMD which will exhibit optimum capacity. It should be recognized, however, that this ideal combination may be intrinsically impossible due to the fact that both the EMD synthesis conditions and the heat treatment conditions affect the properties of the final HEMD product in such a way as to inevitably link some of the material properties [9,10]. For instance, high deposition current leads to an EMD which is more disordered, with smaller crystallites and high BET surface area [9], making a material with both high crystallinity and BET surface area an unlikely prospect.…”

Preparation and electrochemical performance of novel ruthenium–manganese oxide electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors

“…It is attributed to the result of combination of the dehydration and crystallization for the composite materials at the high temperature. Water content in manganese dioxide is known to affect the electrochemical reactivity and thermodynamic stability of various MnO 2 phases as it causes a variation in crystal lattice and a consequent variation in electrical conductivity and electrode potential [16,17]. Era et al [17] reported that the depolarizing activity of manganese dioxide is closely dependent on the amount of combined water, which promotes the movement of protons in the solid phase.…”