Manipulation of VOC emissions with methyl jasmonate and carrageenan in the evergreen conifer Pinus sylvestris and evergreen broadleaf Quercus ilex

Abstract

Plant defence can be induced by exposing plants to the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) or its volatile ester, methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Carrageenans (Carr) - sulphated D-galactans extracted from red algae - can also induce plant defences. In this study, the effects of exogenous MeJA and Carr application (concentration 300 and 12.7 μmol, respectively) on volatile emissions from two widespread evergreen woody species, Pinus sylvestris (nine Turkish and one Finnish provenance) and Quercus ilex (Italian provenance) were investigated. We collected headspace samples from seedlings and analysed the quality and quantity of volatile compounds emitted by treated and control plants. In total, 19 monoterpenes, 10 sesquiterpenes, 10 green leaf volatiles (GLVs) and two aromatic compounds were emitted by P. sylvestris from all the provenances studied. Foliar MeJA application clearly affected the volatile profiles of trees from all the provenances. Effects of Carr were genotype specific. In Q. ilex, emissions of sesquiterpenes, GLVs and the homoterpene (E)-DMNT were all induced by MeJA application. However, emissions of most constitutively emitted monoterpenes were significantly reduced. Carr application also led to a significant reduction in monoterpene emissions, but without corresponding increases in other emissions. Our results indicate that exogenously applied MeJA and Carr can both significantly modify the volatile profiles of P. sylvestris and Q. ilex, but also that there are important provenance- and species-specific differences in the overall degree of elicitation and compositions of elicited compounds.

Reducing the Harmful Effects of Sanitary Water on Growth and Quality of Some Economic Trees Using Jasmine Oil

“…The trend of previous results, however, coincides with those postulated by Abbas (2002) on Casuarina glauca, Shahin and ElMalt (2006) on Acacia nilotica,Quercus suber and Tipuana tipu, Semiz et al (2012) on Pinus sylvestris and Quercus ilex, Ozturk et al (2013) on "Fuji" apples and Odindo et al (2013) who mentioned that high P concentration in the waste effluent may be associated with increased P content, shoot mass and extensive root growth of bean and Swiss chard.…”

“…This was emphasized by Naidoo et al (2013) on Eucalyptus grandis, on Pinus pinaster, Semiz et al (2012) on Pinus sylvestris and Quercus ilex, Boeckler et al (2013) on Populus nigra and Lombardero et al (2013) on Pinus pinaster and P. radiata. Furthermore, Kondo (2010) mentioned that jasmonates are able to regulate ethylene biosynthesis and aroma volatiles in the skin of apples and pears, and increased ester and alcohol production in fruits.…”

Priming of cowpea volatile emissions with defense inducers enhances the plant's attractiveness to parasitoids when attacked by caterpillars

“…For example, treating plants with cis ‐jasmone, an oxylipin that is produced naturally by plants, led to a significant increase in the emission of defensive VOCs in cotton, potato, soybean and sweet pepper . Similarly, treatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), which simulates herbivory, causes plants to emit significantly more VOCs, particularly DMNT . The increased emission of VOCs upon treatment with these compounds can be attributed to subsequent changes in the plant transcriptome which then increases the emission of VOCs .…”

“…The development and application of inducers to promote resistance to herbivores is still at the experimental stage, but inducers that activate resistance against plant pathogens are already being applied commercially . Responses to inducer treatments vary strongly with plant genotype and rigorous experimental programs are needed to evaluate treatment effects in different crops before these agrochemicals can be used by growers for crop protection …”

Unravelling intimacies between plants and their enemies

“…The plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) is implicated in the production of VOCs, of which half are terpenoids. Semiz et al. (2012) compared JA‐induced VOC emission profiles in forest tree seedlings that have different terpene‐storing capacities.…”