Mannose-binding lectin 2 gene polymorphism in recurrent herpes simplex virus 2 infection

Torque Teno Virus Viremia Load Size in Patients with Selected Congenital Defects of Innate Immunity

“…In conclusion, consistent with findings from other viral infections (4,6,8,10,12,(24)(25)(26), MBL2 polymorphisms known to lead to MBL deficiencies were associated with higher TTV VLs than was wild-type MBL2, supporting the view that innate immunity efficiency contributes to determining the TTV VL size. The increase was modest but might have been greater had we examined subjects earlier in infancy, when the role of MBL in antimicrobial resistance is most important (5,28).…”

“…MBL, encoded by gene MBL2 on chromosome 10, is a pattern recognition protein that exerts its protective action by activating the complement cascade through an antibody-independent pathway triggered by its binding to pathogen surfaces and other mechanisms (13). MBL is probably most important in antibacterial defenses (14) but also plays a significant role against viruses; indeed, MBL2 polymorphisms known to lead to lower-than-normal blood concentrations of functional MBL have been linked with an increased susceptibility to several enveloped and nonenveloped viruses (3,4,6,8,10,12,24,25,26). Furthermore, because the airways are colonized by TTV early in life and may represent a port of body entry (18), we conducted the investigation with patients being evaluated to confirm or exclude the presence of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD).…”

Genetic Factors Influence Serological Measures of Common Infections

“…Alterations in the HLA region and polymorphisms in genes encoding cytokines are linked to EBV susceptibility [46,47] . Susceptibility to infection with HSV-2 has been associated with a number of genes, including interferon gamma, mannose-binding proteins, transcription factor T-bet, and apolipoprotein E [33,[48][49][50] . HAV infection is shown to be influenced by polymorphisms in TIM1, a gene that encodes the receptor for this virus [35] .…”

Mannose-Binding Lectin Genotypes and Susceptibility to Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Infancy

“…MBL-deficient individuals are more susceptible to a range of infections, especially in early infancy before the maturation of the adaptive immune system (14), and MBL is known to modulate the response to viral infections, including herpesviruses (3,4,23). Thus, MBL increases neutralization of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), MBL deficiency is more prevalent in symptomatic HSV-2 patients (4), and MBL-deficient individuals are at greater risk of recurrent HSV-2 infection (23). In contrast, a clear increase in HSV-2 infectivity was observed in mice following pretreatment with MBL, suggesting that MBL opsonization provides an alternative port of virion entry (3).…”