Mapping the potential mycorrhizal associations of the conterminous United States of America

Swaty, Randy; Michael, Haley M.; Deckert, Ron J.; Gehring, Catherine A.

doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2016.05.005

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…If we were able to conduct the same analyses at a more precise spatial scale that could incorporate vegetation data into the models, we expect that, in line with earlier studies, we would find a significant relationship between the fungal and environmental gradients, as identified with respect to fungal composition gradients, with vegetation type (e.g. Bueno et al., ; Soudzilovskaia et al., ; Swaty et al., ; Tedersoo et al., ). A clear next challenge is to connect the fungal–environment relationships to the fungal–vegetation relationships, ideally while simultaneously separating direct and indirect effects from each other.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…). Much research has focused on this connection, to the point of extrapolating biotic trends as a means to describe matching, unsurveyed fungal patterns (Bueno et al., ; Soudzilovskaia et al., ; Swaty, Michael, Deckert, & Gehring, ). Saprotrophic fungi, also, are often considered in terms of their substrates, and their distribution often reflects the availability and quality of specific substrates, for example, wood types and leaf litter (Bässler, Müller, Dziock, & Brandl, ; Heilmann‐Clausen, Aude, et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Continental‐scale macrofungal assemblage patterns correlate with climate, soil carbon and nitrogen deposition

Andrew

Halvorsen

Heegaard

et al. 2018

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Macroecological scales of species compositional trends are well documented for a variety of plant and animal groups, but remain sparse for fungi, despite their ecological importance in carbon and nutrient cycling. It is, thus, essential to understand the composition of fungal assemblages across broad geographical scales and the underlying drivers. Our overall aim was to describe these patterns for fungi across two nutritional modes (saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal). Furthermore, we aimed to elucidate the temporal component of fruiting patterns and to relate these to soil carbon and nitrogen deposition. Location Central and Northern Europe. Methods A total of 4.9 million fungal fruit body observations throughout Europe, collected between 1970 and 2010, were analysed to determine the two main environmental and geographical gradients structuring fungal assemblages for two main nutritional modes, saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Results Two main gradients explaining the geography of compositional patterns were identified, for each nutritional mode. Mean annual temperature (and related collinear, seasonal measures) correlated most strongly with the first gradient for both nutritional modes. Soil organic carbon was the highest correlate of the second compositional gradient for ectomycorrhizal fungi, suspected as an indicator of vegetation‐ and pH‐related covariates. In contrast, nitrogen deposition constituted a second gradient for saprotrophic fungi, likely a proxy for anthropogenic pollution. Compositional gradients and environmental conditions correlated similarly when the data were divided into two time intervals of 1970–1990 and 1991–2010. Evidence of compositional temporal change was highest with increasing elevation and latitude. Main conclusions Fungal assemblage patterns demonstrate clear biogeographical patterns that relate the nutritional modes to their main environmental correlates of temperature, soil organic carbon and nitrogen deposition. With respect to global change impacts, the highest rates of compositional change by time suggest targeting higher latitudes and elevations for a better understanding of fungal dynamics. We, finally, suggest further examination of the ranges and dispersal abilities of fungi to better assess responses to global change.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continental‐scale macrofungal assemblage patterns correlate with climate, soil carbon and nitrogen deposition

Andrew

Halvorsen

Heegaard

et al. 2018

Journal of Biogeography

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“…). These comparisons reveal that most plant communities are dominated by mycorrhizal plants in most ecosystems, EcM plants are rare or absent in many tropical habitats, whereas NM plants are more common and diverse in some arid and degraded habitats, as well as arctic and alpine regions (Brundrett, ; Gerz et al ., ; Swaty et al ., ; Soudzilovskaia et al ., ). In particular, plants with NM cluster roots have centres of diversity in extremely poor soils in Mediterranean habitats of Western Australia and South Africa (Lambers et al ., ).…”

Section: Mycorrhizal Plant Diversity At Global and Local Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary history of mycorrhizal symbioses and global host plant diversity

2018

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Contents Summary1108I.Introduction1108II.Mycorrhizal plant diversity at global and local scales1108III.Mycorrhizal evolution in plants: a brief update1111IV.Conclusions and perspectives1114References1114 Summary The majority of vascular plants are mycorrhizal: 72% are arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), 2.0% are ectomycorrhizal (EcM), 1.5% are ericoid mycorrhizal and 10% are orchid mycorrhizal. Just 8% are completely nonmycorrhizal (NM), whereas 7% have inconsistent NM–AM associations. Most NM and NM–AM plants are nutritional specialists (e.g. carnivores and parasites) or habitat specialists (e.g. hydrophytes and epiphytes). Mycorrhizal associations are consistent in most families, but there are exceptions with complex roots (e.g. both EcM and AM). We recognize three waves of mycorrhizal evolution, starting with AM in early land plants, continuing in the Cretaceous with multiple new NM or EcM linages, ericoid and orchid mycorrhizas. The third wave, which is recent and ongoing, has resulted in root complexity linked to rapid plant diversification in biodiversity hotspots.

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“…), and geographical linkages of fungal nutritional modes with vegetation groups (Swaty et al. , Bueno et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining European fungal fruiting phenology with climate variability

Andrew

Heegaard

Høiland

et al. 2018

Ecology

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Here we assess the impact of geographically dependent (latitude, longitude, and altitude) changes in bioclimatic (temperature, precipitation, and primary productivity) variability on fungal fruiting phenology across Europe. Two main nutritional guilds of fungi, saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal, were further separated into spring and autumn fruiters. We used a path analysis to investigate how biogeographic patterns in fungal fruiting phenology coincided with seasonal changes in climate and primary production. Across central to northern Europe, mean fruiting varied by approximately 25 d, primarily with latitude. Altitude affected fruiting by up to 30 d, with spring delays and autumnal accelerations. Fruiting was as much explained by the effects of bioclimatic variability as by their large-scale spatial patterns. Temperature drove fruiting of autumnal ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic groups as well as spring saprotrophic groups, while primary production and precipitation were major drivers for spring-fruiting ectomycorrhizal fungi. Species-specific phenology predictors were not stable, instead deviating from the overall mean. There is significant likelihood that further climatic change, especially in temperature, will impact fungal phenology patterns at large spatial scales. The ecological implications are diverse, potentially affecting food webs (asynchrony), nutrient cycling and the timing of nutrient availability in ecosystems.

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Mapping the potential mycorrhizal associations of the conterminous United States of America

Cited by 28 publications

References 47 publications

Continental‐scale macrofungal assemblage patterns correlate with climate, soil carbon and nitrogen deposition

Continental‐scale macrofungal assemblage patterns correlate with climate, soil carbon and nitrogen deposition

Evolutionary history of mycorrhizal symbioses and global host plant diversity

Explaining European fungal fruiting phenology with climate variability

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