Marek's disease vaccination, with turkey herpesvirus, and enrofloxacin modulate the activities of hepatic microsomal enzymes in broiler chickens

Abstract

Chickens were vaccinated against Marek's disease intramuscularly at one day of age. Enrofloxacin was given ad libitum in the drinking water at concentrations of 50, 100 and 250 mg/L from 8 days to 13 days of age when the animals were killed and the activities of cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the liver were measured. Vaccinated non-treated chickens served as a positive control. A negative control group was neither vaccinated nor treated. Vaccination decreased the activity of aniline hydroxylase and ethylmorphine N-demethylase in the positive control group. Subsequent application of enrofloxacin in the lowest concentration (50 mg/L) decreased, while that given at the highest level (250 mg/L) significantly increased the activity of the same microsomal enzymes. Relative liver weights and concentrations of proteins in 9000 × g supernatant were not affected by vaccination or treatment.

Effects of enrofloxacin on antioxidant system, microsomal enzymatic activity, and proteomics in porcine liver

“…AH (CYP2E1) is a microsomal enzyme which is involved mainly in the metabolism of ethanol and a number of low molecular weight xenobiotic molecules including acetone, pyridine, nitrosamine, and benzene (Tambyrajah, Doran, Wood, & McGivan, ). In the present study, there was no change in all EF‐treated pigs, which is different from that found in studies on broiler chickens (Sakar et al., ). The drugs and chemicals metabolized by AH are not likely to be affected by the presence of EF in pigs.…”

“…In the present study, there was no change in all EF-treated pigs, which is different from that found in studies on broiler chickens (Sakar et al, 2004). The drugs and chemicals metabolized by AH are not likely to be affected by the presence of EF in pigs.…”

“…EF inhibits the activities of some important P450 enzymes such as EROD (CYP1A1) and MROD (CYP1A2) in rats (Vancutsem & Babish, 1996); N-demethylation of erythromycin (CYP3A) in sea bass (Vaccaro, Giorgi, Longo, Mengozzi, & Gervasi, 2003) and in chicken (Hu et al, 2010); aminopyrine-N-demathylase and aniline-4-hydroxylase in camel (Al-Nazawi, 2014); BROD in alligators (Mayeaux & Winston, 1998); EROD in beagle dogs (Regmi, Abd El-Aty, Kuroha, Nakamura, & Shimoda, 2005). Enrofloxacin, at dose of 50 mg/L in drinking water, decreased the activity of ethylmorphine N-demethylase (EtND) and aniline hydroxylase (AH) in broiler chickens while that given at dose of 250 mg/L increased the activities of these enzymes (Sakar et al, 2004). These results are an important reminder that pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions need to be considered when EF is co-administered with other drugs.…”

PFOS mediates immunomodulation in an avian cell line that can be mitigated via a virus infection

“…It was suggested that the compensatory effect could relate to virus induced changes in pollutant metabolism, and this hypothesis was further supported by studies on the interaction of viruses with xenobiotic metabolism [45, 46]. This exact mechanism is however unlikely to apply to this study, since GaHV-2 is not known to increase microsomal enzyme activity [47], PFOS has well-known stability [48] and fibroblasts have limited metabolic activity [49]. Nevertheless, this unexpected interaction between pollutant exposure and virus infections in birds remains an interesting area for further investigation.…”

Characterization of a human Bid homologue protein from Gallus gallus

“…Gallus gallus has been considered one of the most important model organisms for studying vertebrate development and diseases (Richman et al, 2002;Sakar et al, 2004). In contrast with mouse embryos, the large and robust chick embryos are accessible during the stages when most important developmental decisions are taken so that a large variety of methodologies can be used to analyze the genetic regulation of many different developmental processes.…”