Marine animal forests as useful indicators of entanglement by marine litter

Galgani, François; Pham, Christopher K.; Claro, Françoise; Consoli, Pierpaolo

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.004

Cited by 72 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Although the deep marine environment is considered a hostile environment, difficult to access and requiring considerable resources, marine litter studies have become critical in order to better protect the deep Mediterranean ecosystem, and support targeted and effective actions for its preservation (Consoli et al, 2018). To achieve this, opportunistic approaches are well-adapted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Every year in the world, 8 million of tons of solid plastic debris are introduced into the marine ecosystem (Jambeck et al, 2015;UNEP/MAP, 2015;Villarrubia-Gómez et al, 2018), and their increasing amounts and low degradation rates lead to 2 accumulation in the oceans where they cause a serious threat to the marine environment, human health and the economy (Barnes et al, 2009;Brouwer et al, 2017;Ioakeimidis et al, 2017;Ioakeimidis et al, 2014). Numerous studies have shown the diversity of harm inflicted, which includes in particular the strangling of organisms (Adimey et al, 2014;Anderson and Alford, 2014;Galgani et al, 2018), the ingestion of litter (Fossi et al, 2018;Galgani et al, 2014), the rafting of invasive species (Carlton et al, 2017), and the production of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) (Engler, 2012). The problem of marine litter is ubiquitous, concerns all sizes of litter, extending into environmental compartments ranging from shorelines to deeper areas (Thompson et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The issue of the quantities, natures and sources of seafloor litter remains complex since data remains limited (Ioakeimidis et al, 2017). Studies mainly concern the western and central Mediterranean, Adriatic and Ionian Seas (Consoli et al, 2018;Galgani et al, 1995;Galgani et al, 2000;Ioakeimidis et al, 2014;Melli et al, 2017;Palatinus et al, 2019;Pasquini et al, 2016;Pham et al, 2014;Ramirez-Llodra et al, 2013;Strafella et al, 2015;Vlachogianni et al, 2018) with only a few studies available for the eastern Mediterranean (Ioakeimidis et al, 2014;Pham et al, 2014;Tunca Olguner et al, 2018). Moreover, these studies were all conducted over short periods of time as part of research projects and there is no report on long-term monitoring programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seafloor litter from the continental shelf and canyons in French Mediterranean Water: Distribution, typologies and trends

Gérigny

Brun

Fabri

et al. 2019

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Seafloor litter has been studied both on the continental shelves (by trawling during 24 years) and in canyons (by ROV) of the French Mediterranean sea Water (FMW). On the continental shelf, mean densities range from 49.63 to 289.01 items/km2. The most abundant categories were plastic, glass/ceramics, metals and textiles. Trend analysis shows a significant increase in plastic quantities during the study period. Plastics accumulate at all depths, with heavier items being found in deeper areas, while the continental slope-break appears as a clean area. The spatial distribution of litter revealed the influence of geomorphologic factors, anthropic activities, shipping route, river inputs. All the canyons are affected by debris but coastal canyons (Ligurian Sea and Corsica) were more impacted than offshore canyons in the Gulf of Lion. The FMW appears to be highly polluted with regard to values found in other areas, but lower than those observed in the Eastern Mediterranean. Highlights ► Time series of 23 years of seafloor litter data collected from bottom trawl surveys. ► Use of three years of litter data collected in canyons from Remotely Operated Vehicle. ► Marine litter assessment for the Gulf of Lion and eastern Corsica areas. ► analyses allowing the identification of hot spots and temporal trends. ► On the continental shelf, annual mean densities range from 49.63 to 289.01 items/km 2. ► The most common litter categories are plastics, glass/ceramic, metals and textiles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Seafloor litter from the continental shelf and canyons in French Mediterranean Water: Distribution, typologies and trends

Gérigny

Brun

Fabri

et al. 2019

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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“…threaten these vulnerable bioconstruction systems, as well as climate change and the spread of alien species (Ballesteros, 2006;Coll et al, 2010;Piazzi et al, 2012). In particular, the widespread presence of marine litter represents one of the most important threats to biogenic reefs, which leads to a degradation of these habitats (de Carvalho-Souza et al, 2018) and the associated organisms (Galgani et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Marine Litter on Mediterranean Reef Systems: From Shallow to Deep Waters

Angiolillo

Fortibuoni

2020

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Biogenic reefs are known worldwide to play a key role in benthic ecosystems, enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem functioning at every level, from shallow to deeper waters. Unfortunately, several stressors threaten these vulnerable systems. The widespread presence of marine litter represents one of these. The harmful effects of marine litter on several organisms are known so far. However, only in the last decade, there was increasingly scientific and public attention on the impacts on reef organisms and habitats caused by litter accumulating on the seafloor. This review aims to synthesize literature and discuss the state of current knowledge on the interactions between marine litter and reef organisms in a strongly polluted basin, the Mediterranean Sea. The multiple impacts (e.g., entanglement, ghost-fishing, coverage, etc.) of litter on reef systems, the list of species impacted, and the main litter categories were identified, and a map of the knowledge available so far on this topic was provided. Seventy-eight taxa resulted impacted by marine litter on Mediterranean reefs, and the majority belonged to the phylum Cnidaria (41%), including endangered species like the red coral (Corallium rubrum) and the madrepora coral (Madrepora oculata). Entanglement, caused mainly by abandoned, lost, or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG), was the most frequent impact, playing a detrimental effect mainly on coralligenous arborescent species and cold-water corals (CWCs). The information was spatially heterogeneous, with some areas almost uncovered by scientific studies (e.g., the Aegean-Levantine Sea and the Southern Mediterranean Sea). Although many legal and policy frameworks have been established to tackle this issue [e.g., marine strategy framework directive (MSFD) and the Barcelona Convention], several gaps still exist concerning the assessment of the impact of marine litter on marine organisms, and in particular on reefs. There is a need for harmonized and standardized monitoring protocols for the collection of quantitative data to assess the impact of litter on reefs and animal forests. At the same time, urgent management measures limiting, for instance, the impact of ALDFG and other marine litter are needed to preserve these valuable and vulnerable marine ecosystems.

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“…Overall, in Cassidaigne canyon, the surface corresponding to M. oculata rubble was measured as 15% of the total surface occupied by the species. It is known that fishing longlines can have impacts on colonies due to entanglement and physical breakage (Lastras et al, 2016;D'Onghia et al, 2017;Fanelli et al, 2017;Galgani et al, 2018). Yet, in Cassidaigne canyon, the locations Cassis-200 and Cassis-500 have been included within regulated fisheries zones since 2012.…”

Section: Marine Litter and Waste Disposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the ecological status of cold-water coral habitats using non-invasive methods: An example from Cassidaigne canyon, northwestern Mediterranean Sea

Fabri

Vinha

Allais

et al. 2019

Progress in Oceanography

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Cold-water coral ecosystems have been identified as vulnerable, but quantitative data on their conservation status is very limited. The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) is the tool implemented by the European Union's Integrated Maritime Policy to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) of marine waters by 2020. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the Ecological Status of benthic habitats in Cassidaigne canyon, focusing in particular on cold-water coral habitats dominated by Madrepora oculata. Data were collected during the Videocor1 cruise (2017). Videos and photos collected during eight dives of the H-ROV Ariane were used to reconstruct, in 3-dimensions, the areas where cnidarians have settled in the canyon. A total of 33 3D models were built, which allowed measuring the spatial and vertical distribution, surface, density and size structure of cnidarian populations at four different sites. When 3D reconstructions were not possible, GIS tools were used. The seven cnidarian species considered were the scleractinian M. oculata; three antipatharians: Leiopathes glaberrima, Antipathella subpinnata, Antipathes dichotoma; and three aclyonaceans: the precious red coral Corallium rubrum and the gorgonians Callogorgia verticllata and Viminella flagellum. Using photogrammetry, we were able to reveal the size structure of the dense population of M. oculata in the canyon, as well as to obtain knowledge on a complex site (Cassis-200) composed of 15 knolls, and to quantify the surface occupied by M. oculata at a separate site (Cassis-500) influenced by industrial discharges. At the southern flank of the canyon we found a highly diverse site (SW Flank) dominated by antipatharians and gorgonians composing large forests, and finally a reservoir of M. oculata was identified under overhangs at a site called the Wall. The diversity of accompanying species is also reported and marine litter quantified. Images collected before 2017 were compared to the 3D models to precisely locate them on the sites, and assess temporal changes in M. oculata colony sizes at Cassis-200 site. We also report on the ground-truthing of predicted habitat maps produced previously, and confirm their good representation of the distribution of cold-water coral habitats. Finally, we quantified the criteria defined by the MSFD, aimed at evaluating the GES of benthic habitats for M. oculata ecosystems, at the scale of the Please note that this is an author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available on the publisher Web site. Cassidaigne canyon. Measurements showed that the extent of loss of the observed M. oculata habitat reached 56% according to the MFSD definition. Highlights ► Cold-water corals distribution, density and size structure are reported. ► Size measurements were performed using 3D-models. ► A diverse site dominated by antipatharians and gorgonians forests was found. ► The extent of loss of the observed M. oculata habitat reached 56...

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Marine animal forests as useful indicators of entanglement by marine litter

Cited by 72 publications

References 32 publications

Seafloor litter from the continental shelf and canyons in French Mediterranean Water: Distribution, typologies and trends

Seafloor litter from the continental shelf and canyons in French Mediterranean Water: Distribution, typologies and trends

Impacts of Marine Litter on Mediterranean Reef Systems: From Shallow to Deep Waters

Evaluating the ecological status of cold-water coral habitats using non-invasive methods: An example from Cassidaigne canyon, northwestern Mediterranean Sea

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