Marine Protected Areas in Brazil: An ecological approach regarding the large marine ecosystems

Schiavetti, Alexandre; Manz, Jacques; Santos, Cleverson Zapelini dos; Magro, Teresa Cristina; Pagani, Maria Inez

doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.02.003

Cited by 54 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Despite the increased effectiveness of Brazilian MPAs (Araújo and Bernard 2016), lack of protection, institutional support, and unsatisfactory management continue to be reported in coastal areas (Maretti 2001, Schiavetti et al 2013, Santos and Schiavetti 2014. Additionally, MPAs still fail to protect critical nursery areas (Ervin et al 2010, Nagelkerken et al 2015, a factor widely aggravated by the biased distribution of MPAs across Brazilian ecoregions (Magris et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social-ecological trends: managing the vulnerability of coastal fishing communities

Silva¹,

Pennino²,

Lopes³

2019

E&S

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The loss of biodiversity, including the collapse of fish stocks, affects the vulnerability of social-ecological systems (SESs) and threatens local livelihoods. Incorporating community-centered indicators and SES drivers and exposures of change into coastal management can help anticipate and mitigate human and/or coastal vulnerability. We have proposed a new index to measure the socialecological vulnerability of coastal fishing communities (Index of Coastal Vulnerability [ICV]) based on species, ecosystem, and social indicators. The ICV varies from 0 (no vulnerability) to 1 (very high vulnerability) and is composed of 3 components: species vulnerability, i.e., fish biological traits; ecosystem vulnerability, i.e., environmental indicators of ecosystem health; and adaptive capacity, i.e., human ability to cope with changes. We tested the ICV of Brazil's 17 coastal states. The average ICV for the Brazilian coast was 0.77, and variation was low among states. More than half of the coastal states revealed very high vulnerability (> 0.8). The ecosystem vulnerability values were worse than the adaptive capacity and species vulnerability values, and the North and Northeast regions were revealed to be vulnerable hot spots. Additionally, we investigated how the ICV related to specific anthropogenic risks, i.e., fish landing richness, fishery instability, market, coastal extension, and coastal population, and found that states with fewer species landings and higher coastal populations presented higher ICVs. At a time when human impacts are overtaking natural processes, understanding how these impacts lead to coastal vulnerability can help improve conservation policies. For this case study, we suggest both fisheries management measures and restoration of sensitive habitats to protect species and decrease vulnerability. The integrated evaluation developed here could be used as a baseline for coastal monitoring and conservation planning and be applied to coastal regions in which governments evaluate both social and biological aspects.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social-ecological trends: managing the vulnerability of coastal fishing communities

Silva¹,

Pennino²,

Lopes³

2019

E&S

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Besides being insufficient, Brazilian MPAs have very unequal distribution in their categories of protection (1.3% or 45.929km 2 corresponds to only 1 out of 12 management categories) as well as in the proportion of environments (Schiavetti et al, 2013) and are deficient in meeting conservation objectives for representation, connectivity, and risk-spread avoidance (Magris et al, 2013). There is, therefore, an urgent need to expand the existing MPA network in Brazil to safeguard marine biodiversity and ecosystems (Miloslavich et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating climate change and human impacts into marine spatial planning: A case study of threatened starfish species in Brazil

Patrizzi¹

2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Network expansion of marine protected areas in a changing world is a difficult task for conservation planners. Brazil experiences a combination of low and uneven protection of marine environmets, increasing anthropogenic pressures, climate change, and gaps in information regarding the geographical distribution of many species (Wallacean shortfall). Here, we addressed these issues and present a strategy for identifying priority marine areas for conservation in Brazil that would contribute to increasing species representation and achievement of conservation targets. Within this strategy, we accounted for (i) species range shifts due to climate change and their influence on species distribution, (ii) the lack of species geographical distribution data, and (iii) anthropic pressures on oceans. First, we built ecological niche models (ENMs) for 12 threatened starfish species in both present and future (2100) times using Maxent. We also quantified and mapped species range shifts. Second, we developed three conservation spatial solutions and compared the 10% top-ranked areas. The results showed that ENMs had a good performance in representing the distribution of species, even those that had few occurrence records. Our models forecasted a significant range expansion for the majority of species (10 out 12) by 2100. We found that the priority sites covering the top-ranked 10% in the study area identified in ours conservation spatial solutions would protect between 10.41% and 15.88%, on average, of suitable areas for the starfish species. Our results indicated priority sites for conservation less affected by anthropic pressures (~2%) when data on human impacts on oceans were incorporated into the spatial prioritization process. We identified a network of priority marine sites for conservation that minimized human influence and considered the effects of climate change on species distribution. We used threatened starfish species as a case study for illustrating our approach; however, such an approach could be applied to any taxonomic group, which supports the development of more effective conservation actions that represent biodiversity under such threats.

show abstract

“…No Brasil, as áreas protegidas (terrestres ou marinhas) recebem a nomenclatura de Unidades de Conservação (UCs) (Schiavetti et al, 2013) e são definidas como "espaço territorial e seus recursos ambientais, incluindo as águas jurisdicionais, com características naturais relevantes, legalmente instituído pelo Poder Público, com A lei representa avanços e passou a prever a participação da população no ato da criação da Unidade, nos conselhos de gestão e na elaboração de Planos de Manejo. Além disso, surgem como outros pontos positivos a definição de categorias de manejo mais flexíveis frente às demandas sociais, a presença de instrumentos como corredores ecológicos e mosaicos e a garantia de que os recursos gerados nas UCs sejam aplicados nas mesmas (Medeiros, 2006;MMA, 2011b).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

O Santuário Ecológico de Ilhabela como área marinha protegida a ser incorporada ao SNUC: panorama atual e próximos passos

Sá

Neiman

Bondioli³

2017

Desenvolv. Meio Ambiente

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Artigo recebido em 5 de dezembro de 2016, versão final aceita em 3 de julho de 2017. RESUMO:O Santuário Ecológico de Ilhabela foi criado mediante decreto municipal em 1992, apresentando desde aquela época evidências de degradação ambiental devido a atividades humanas. Com a criação do Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação, a categoria "Santuário Ecológico" passou a não ter mais validade, havendo necessidade de recategorização a uma das categorias presentes na Lei. Ilhabela é um município que tem como principal fonte de renda atividades relacionadas ao turismo, que, se mal planejadas, podem levar a impactos sociais, ambientais e econômicos. A região do Canal de São Sebastião em que o Santuário está localizado possui rica fauna marinha, mas também sofre grande pressão antrópica, fator que pode colocar em risco, inclusive, a saúde e bem-estar de moradores, turistas e da fauna marinha local. Nos últimos anos, grupos vêm buscando apresentar dados que justifiquem a proposta de recategorização da área, até o presente momento sem sucesso. Este artigo tem por objetivo contextualizar a atual situação do Santuário Ecológico de Ilhabela, apresentar subsídios que justifiquem sua recategorização e indicar caminhos para a continuidade do processo.Palavras-chave: Unidade de Conservação; área marinha protegida; Ilhabela; Santuário Ecológico; turismo.ABSTRACT: Ilhabela Ecological Sanctuary is a marine protected area created through a municipal decree in 1992. Since that time it was possible to identify evidences of environmental degradation caused by human activities in the area. According to the most recent law of protected areas in Brazil (SNUC), the category Ecological Sanctuary is no longer valid, demanding the area to be reclassified within the new law. The tourism and correlated services are the main sources of income for Ilhabela. However, if poorly planned, tourism

show abstract

Marine Protected Areas in Brazil: An ecological approach regarding the large marine ecosystems

Cited by 54 publications

References 9 publications

Social-ecological trends: managing the vulnerability of coastal fishing communities

Social-ecological trends: managing the vulnerability of coastal fishing communities

Integrating climate change and human impacts into marine spatial planning: A case study of threatened starfish species in Brazil

O Santuário Ecológico de Ilhabela como área marinha protegida a ser incorporada ao SNUC: panorama atual e próximos passos

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About