Marvellous microbicides

Brown, H

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)15881-9

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Condom failure, including ripping and shedding, is also a recognized problem for FSWs in southern China [14]. Therefore, a female-controlled method of preventing HIV infection is urgently needed [15], [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Interest among Female Sex Workers in Guangxi, China

Wei

Zou

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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ObjectivesAcceptability of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and willingness to participate in a clinical trial for both safety and efficacy of PrEP were investigated among female sex workers (FSWs) in Guangxi, China.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed in three cities in Guangxi. Structured, self-administered questionnaires were used to assess the acceptability of PrEP and the willingness to participate in a clinical trial. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to identify predictors.ResultsAmong 405 participants, 15.1% had heard of PrEP. If PrEP was deemed to be effective, safe and provided for free, 85.9% reported that they would accept it, and 54.3% of those who accepted PrEP said that they would participate in a clinical trial. The increased acceptability of PrEP was associated with working in male dominated venues, higher income, a poor family relationship, better HIV/AIDS knowledge, not realizing HIV risk from unfamiliar clients, not being forced to use condoms by the gatekeepers, consistent use of condoms, and use of drugs to prevent STD infection. The increased willingness to participate in a clinical trial was associated with a poor family relationship, better HIV/AIDS knowledge, not realizing HIV risk from unfamiliar clients, a willingness to adhere to daily PreP use, and not being concerned about discrimination by others. The main reason for rejecting PrEP or participating in a clinical trial was the concern about the side effects of PrEP.ConclusionsAcceptability of PrEP among Guangxi FSWs is relatively high, indicating that PrEP intervention programs may be feasible for Chinese FSWs. Given the fact that most of the participants had never heard of PrEP before, and that family, gatekeepers, and social discrimination could significantly affect its acceptability, a comprehensive mix of multiple interventions is necessary for the successful implementation of a PrEP program among this population in Guangxi.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Interest among Female Sex Workers in Guangxi, China

Wei

Zou

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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“…Consequently, women urgently need infection prevention technology [8] that is within their personal control [9,10]. As the clinical deployment of a safe and effective HIV vaccine is likely to be years away, topical microbicide formulations that are applied vaginally or rectally are receiving increasing attention as an alternative strategy for HIV prevention [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PVP-coated silver nanoparticles block the transmission of cell-free and cell-associated HIV-1 in human cervical culture

et al. 2010

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BackgroundPrevious in vitro studies have demonstrated that polyvinylpyrrolidone coated silver nanoparticles (PVP-coated AgNPs) have antiviral activity against HIV-1 at non-cytotoxic concentrations. These particles also demonstrate broad spectrum virucidal activity by preventing the interaction of HIV-1 gp120 and cellular CD4, thereby inhibiting fusion or entry of the virus into the host cell. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of PVP-coated AgNPs as a potential topical vaginal microbicide to prevent transmission of HIV-1 infection using human cervical culture, an in vitro model that simulates in vivo conditions.ResultsWhen formulated into a non-spermicidal gel (Replens) at a concentration of 0.15 mg/mL, PVP-coated AgNPs prevented the transmission of cell-associated HIV-1 and cell-free HIV-1 isolates. Importantly, PVP-coated AgNPs were not toxic to the explant, even when the cervical tissues were exposed continuously to 0.15 mg/mL of PVP-coated AgNPs for 48 h. Only 1 min of PVP-coated AgNPs pretreatment to the explant was required to prevent transmission of HIV-1. Pre-treatment of the cervical explant with 0.15 mg/mL PVP-coated AgNPs for 20 min followed by extensive washing prevented the transmission of HIV-1 in this model for 48 h.ConclusionsA formulation of PVP-coated AgNPs homogenized in Replens gel acts rapidly to inhibit HIV-1 transmission after 1 min and offers long-lasting protection of the cervical tissue from infection for 48 h, with no evidence of cytotoxicity observed in the explants.Based on this data, PVP-coated AgNPs are a promising microbicidal candidate for use in topical vaginal/cervical agents to prevent HIV-1 transmission, and further research is warranted.

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“…8,9 Female-controlled methods of HIV prevention are, therefore, needed. 10,11 Topical microbicides are one alternative, but although studies have shown microbicide products to be acceptable to users, [12][13][14][15] an efficacious product is yet to be found. Several authors point out the need for an effective oral chemoprophylaxis, also known as preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), in the global fight against HIV=AIDS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%