Maryland vs Michigan vs Minnesota: Another look at the relationship of expectancy and goal difficulty to task performance

Mento, Anthony J.; Cartledge, Norman; Locke, Edwin A.

doi:10.1016/0030-5073(80)90038-0

Cited by 112 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Mentro et al (1980) found that perceived task ability signi® cantly aOE ected performance even after controlling for other variables. Gist (1987) suggests implications of self-e cacy for improving skills.…”

Section: Training and Self-e Cacymentioning

confidence: 92%

Computer self-efficacy, training effectiveness and user attitudes: An empirical study

Torkzadeh¹,

Pflughoeft²,

Hall³

1999

Behaviour & Information Technology

101

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Using 414 business undergraduates at two universities in the US, a 28-item computer self-e cacy scale is validated and used to examine the relationship between (a) training and computer self-e cacy and (b) user attitudes and computer self-e cacy. Survey responses were collected both at the beginning and end of an introductory computer course. A principal factor analysis of the computer self-e cacy scale supported a conceptually meaningful four-factor solution with high alpha reliabilities. Results suggest that training signi® -cantly improved the computer self-e cacy of males and females in this study for all factors. Training programs seemed more eOE ective for male and female respondents with positive attitudes toward computers. Training programs seemed less eOE ective for respondents with negative attitudes toward computers. Implications of these ® ndings are discussed and research opportunities described.

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Section: Training and Self-e Cacymentioning

confidence: 92%

Computer self-efficacy, training effectiveness and user attitudes: An empirical study

Torkzadeh¹,

Pflughoeft²,

Hall³

1999

Behaviour & Information Technology

101

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show abstract

“…According to motivation theories in general and SDT in particular, external incentives positively affect goal commitment [19,45,75]. The positive relationship between extrinsic motivation and goal commitment has gained strong support from empirical studies conducted in contexts other than OSS communities, although there are confl icting results in previous studies on OSS communities (e.g., [49,52,79]). Therefore,…”

Section: Hypothesis 1a: Intrinsic Motivation Positively Affects An Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivations in Open Source Software Communities: The Mediating Role of Effort Intensity and Goal Commitment

Ping

2009

International Journal of Electronic Commerce

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As a community-based innovation, the open source software (OSS) development phenomenon has received great attention from researchers and practitioners. Understanding the factors that affect the involvement and contributions of participants in OSS projects is of signifi cance to facilitate project success. This paper investigates the effects of motivation on participant performance in OSS projects, drawing upon self-determination theory to examine how task effort (i.e., effort intensity and goal commitment) mediates the relationships between a spectrum of motivations and individual performance. The research model is supported by survey data from 204 participants in OSS projects. The theoretical contributions and managerial implications are discussed. KEY WORDS AND PHRASES:Motivation, open source software (OSS), performance, task effort.As a community-based innovation, open source software (OSS) projects such as Linux and Apache are exemplars of organizational models for innovation and product development [24,73]. The distinction of OSS projects is that their participants, most likely volunteers, collaborate with one other and continuously improve the software programs through the Internet [40]. The participants also provide mundane services that are critical for the viability of the communities, such as documentation and helping new members. Since there are no traditional organizational structures of control, the viability and sustainability of OSS projects rely on participants' self-managing contributions [66,67,73,74]. Studying the factors that lead individuals to participate and remain engaged in OSS projects helps us to understand the success of OSS projects [5].A number of studies address such questions as "What factors drive participants to contribute to OSS communities?" and "How do OSS project groups keep participants engaged in the community?" (e.g., [5,30,31,73,80]). From the personal perspective, studies have found that participation in OSS projects is driven by intrinsic or extrinsic motivations [30,38,60]. From the social perspective, research has found that conviction of the ideology associated with OSS development and identifi cation with OSS project groups serve as linchpins in enabling OSS efforts and success [5,31,39,51,66].The extant literature only assesses the direct main effect of each of these four motivational factors on individual participation in or contribution to OSS projects (e.g., [30,60]). There is a lack of research examining the effect of motivation on participation outcomes such as performance. Performance is defi ned as the cognitive outcome of conducting a series of activities [78]. The viability and sustainability of OSS communities rely more on the outcomes than on the act of participating. Therefore, investigating how motivational factors affect task performance will provide practical guidelines for possible KE AND ZHANGmechanisms that enhance the chance of project success. In addition, there is no prior study examining the effect of mediator variables on the relat...

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“…They were asked to indicate their beliefs about the probability of reaching each performance level if they "worked as hard as they could" by placing an "X" in the appropriate column for each row. The particular phrasing was suggested by Mento, Cartledge, and Locke (1980) and was designed to give participants a common frame of reference when responding. In a comparative study of various measures of expectancy, instrumentality, and valence, Ilgen, Nebeker, and Pritchard (1981) concluded that a method such as that used here is appropriate and reliable for measuring expectancy.…”

Section: Performance Expectanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of modeling on self‐set goals: Direct and mediated effects

Weiss¹,

Suckow

Rakestraw

1999

Human Performance

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Maryland vs Michigan vs Minnesota: Another look at the relationship of expectancy and goal difficulty to task performance

Cited by 112 publications

References 13 publications

Computer self-efficacy, training effectiveness and user attitudes: An empirical study

Computer self-efficacy, training effectiveness and user attitudes: An empirical study

Motivations in Open Source Software Communities: The Mediating Role of Effort Intensity and Goal Commitment

Influence of modeling on self‐set goals: Direct and mediated effects

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