“…Child maltreatment is a pervasive societal problem that often leads to harmful negative effects on children, not only during childhood, but also across the lifespan (e.g., Cicchetti & Toth, 2015). In considering the etiology of child maltreatment, much attention has been focused on reports linking parents' own problematic child-rearing histories with their subsequent, often abusive, parenting (Belsky, Jaffee, Sligo, Woodward, & Silva, 2005; Cort, Toth, Cerulli, & Rogosch, 2011; DiLillo & Damashek, 2003; Friesen, Woodward, Horwood, & Fergusson, 2013; Neppl, Conger, Scaramella, & Ontai, 2009; Widom, Czaja, & DuMont, 2015). While there is some empirical evidence showing lower maternal efficacy in mothers with histories of abuse (Fitzgerald et al, 2005), most research done in this area has focused solely on individuals with histories of child sexual abuse (CSA) (DiLillo & Damashek, 2003).…”