Maternal smoking and fetal carboxyhaemoglobin and blood gas levels

Soothill, Peter; Morafa, W.; Ayida, Gubby; Rodeck, Charles H.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09519.x

Cited by 44 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Carbon monoxide, a by-product of tobacco smoking, induces fetal hypoxia25 which may directly induce fetal growth failure. Products of tobacco smoke can indirectly affect fetal growth via a negative influence on placental function26; for example, nicotine causes vasoconstriction in placental vessels 26.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First trimester maternal tobacco smoking habits and fetal growth

Prabhu

Smith

Campbell

et al. 2010

Thorax

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Rationale Maternal smoking in pregnancy is associated with reduced birth weight and childhood lung function. This study determined when maternal smoking first influences fetal growth and how this relates to childhood respiratory outcomes. Methods A longitudinal cohort of 1924 pregnant women was recruited. Fetal ultrasound measurements at 11 weeks (crownerump length, CRL) and at 20 weeks gestation (femur length, FL, and biparietal diameter, BPD) and birth measurements were recorded. Childhood respiratory symptoms and spirometry were ascertained. Results Of the 1924 original study participants, fetal size was determined in 903 in the first trimester, 1544 in the second trimester and at term in 1737 infants. Maternal smoking when first pregnant was reported in 593 (31%) and was not associated with reduced CRL. There was an inverse exposure-response relationship between cigarette consumption and FL (mean reduction in lowest compared with highest tertile 0.91 cm, p¼0.033). Birth weight and length of those born to mothers who did (n¼331) and did not (n¼56) reduce cigarette consumption were similar and reduced compared with 186 infants whose mothers quit during the first trimester (p#0.020). Children of mothers who continued smoking had increased wheeze at age 2 years (OR 1.58, p¼0.017) and GP visits with wheeze at age 5 years (OR 2.18, p¼0.030) and mean reduction in forced expiratory volume in 1 s of 62 ml (p¼0.014) compared with controls. Conclusions Maternal smoking is associated with reduced fetal measurements in the second and third trimesters but not in the first trimester. Mothers who do not quit smoking during the first trimester deliver smaller infants who go on to have adverse respiratory outcomes in childhood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First trimester maternal tobacco smoking habits and fetal growth

Prabhu

Smith

Campbell

et al. 2010

Thorax

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It has been proposed that this effect may be caused by an increase of the metabolic rate. The most widely cited potential mechanisms for the detrimental effects of maternal smoking are impaired placental function [34], reduced uteroplacental blood flow [31], and effects on foetal oxygen carrying capacity [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of maternal smoking on neonatal aortic intima-media thickness, serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels

et al. 2007

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Epidemiological studies have reported associations between a range of cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking and intima-media thickness (IMT). Some reports indicate that the maternal tobacco smoking causes disturbances of the endocrine status of the foetus. There are several potential mechanisms by which insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) could modify atherosclerotic processes either locally or in a systemic manner. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of maternal smoking on neonatal aortic IMT (aIMT), serum IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels. Aortic intima-media thickness was measured in 28 neonates whose mothers smoked during the pregnancy and 28 control neonates. Mean and weight-adjusted aIMT were significantly greater in the neonates whose mothers smoked (0.455 +/- 0.009 mm and 0.151 +/- 0.005 mm/kg, respectively) than in controls (0.403 +/- 0.029 mm and 0.118 +/- 0.014 mm/kg, respectively). Birth-weight of newborns whose mothers smoked was less than that of the controls. The decreases in serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 observed in the infants whose mothers smoked were non-significant. Mean aIMT was negatively associated with birth-weight and IGF-I level. In conclusion, neonates whose mothers smoked have significantly increased aIMT. It might play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in adult life.

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“…The effect of prenatal smoking on low birth weight appears to be mediated by chronic fetal hypoxia resulting from increased placental vascular resistance [11,12], decreased uterine blood flow [13], and increased levels of carboxyhemoglobin in both maternal and fetal blood [14].…”

Section: Potential Biologic Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%