Maternal use of nicotine products and breastfeeding 3 months postpartum

Nordhagen, Live Solveig; Kreyberg, Ina; Bains, Karen Eline Stensby; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Glavin, Kari; Skjerven, Håvard Ove; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Hilde, Katarina; Nordlund, Björn; Vettukattil, Muhammad Riyas; Hedlin, Gunilla; Granum, Berit; Jonassen, Christine Monceyron; Guðmundsdóttir, Hrefna; Haugen, Guttorm; Rehbinder, Eva Maria; Söderhäll, Cilla; Staff, Anne Cathrine

doi:10.1111/apa.15299

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Nicotine that passes in breast milk can reduce prolactin and eventually its volume. Moreover, smoking during pregnancy and lactation can alter the composition of human milk and its health promoting properties, by reducing its content in total lipids, changing its immune status and reducing its antioxidant properties [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration in Greece: Data from the Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey

Spyrakou

Magriplis²,

Benetou³

et al. 2022

Children

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Despite its well-documented benefits, breastfeeding rates and duration worldwide do not meet the recommended goals set by the World Health Organization. Data on infant feeding, socio-demographic, lifestyle and perinatal factors were used from 490 mothers (and 958 children), participants at the Hellenic National and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2013–2015. Clustered multiple logistic regression and multilevel mixed-model regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with breastfeeding initiation and duration, respectively. Maternal lower education [Odds Ratio (OR): 2.29, 95% Confidence intervals (95% CI): 1.30–4.04; p = 0.004], smoking during pregnancy (OR: 3.08, 95% CI: 1.64–5.77; p < 0.001), caesarean section (OR = 3.26, 95% CI: 1.83–5.83; p < 0.001), prematurity (OR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.40–5.37; p = 0.003) and higher birth order (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.04–1.62; p = 0.020) were associated with increased odds of not initiating breastfeeding. Living in rural areas [beta coefficient b = −27.93, p = 0.043], smoking during pregnancy (b = −64.47, p < 0.001), caesarean section (b = −28.76, p = 0.046) and prematurity (b = −46.67, p = 0.048) were significantly associated with shorter breastfeeding duration. Children born chronologically closer to the survey were more likely to breastfeed and for longer periods. Educational promotion and enhancement of breastfeeding awareness that account for maternal exposures are required. Prevention of prematurity and avoidance of unnecessary caesarean section is crucial, while additional breastfeeding support is needed when preterm birth occurs, or caesarean section cannot be avoided.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration in Greece: Data from the Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey

Spyrakou

Magriplis²,

Benetou³

et al. 2022

Children

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“…In addition, mothers who breastfeed report less anxiety, negative mood, stress and show reduced SC levels compared to mothers with formula-fed infants [38]. Breastfeeding overall is high in the PreventADALL study, where 93.6% of the women breastfed their infant to some extent by three months [39]. The latter could possibly explain why we did not detect a correlation, as previously described by Jonas et al [3], between SC levels in mothers and infants, but lower iSC levels in the mixed-fed infants.…”

Section: Early Life Factors and Infant Saliva Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 98%

Maternal Stress, Early Life Factors and Infant Salivary Cortisol Levels

et al. 2022

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Background: Salivary cortisol (SC), a commonly used biomarker for stress, may be disrupted by negative events in pregnancy, at birth and in infancy. We aimed to explore if maternal perceived stress (PSS) in or after pregnancy and SC levels in pregnancy were associated with SC in early infancy, and, secondly, to identify early life factors associated with infants’ SC levels (iSC). Methods: At 3 months of age, SC was analyzed in 1057 infants participating in a Nordic prospective mother-child birth cohort study. Maternal PSS was available from questionnaires at 18- and 34-week gestational age (GA) and 3-month post-partum, and SC was analyzed at 18-week GA. Early life factors included sociodemographic and infant feeding from questionnaires, and birth data from medical charts. Associations to iSC were analyzed by Spearman correlation and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Results: In this exploratory study neither PSS at any time point nor maternal SC (mSC) were associated with iSC. Higher birth weight was associated with higher levels of iSC, while inverse associations were observed in infants to a mother not living with a partner and mixed bottle/breastfeeding. Conclusions: Maternal stress was not associated with iSC levels, while birth weight, single motherhood and infant feeding may influence iSC levels.

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“…It is likely that nicotine concentrations in placenta, amniotic fluid and fetal serum exceed those of maternal serum after snus use, as reported for smoking mothers [17]. In addition, the infant may be exposed to nicotine through breast milk if nicotine products are used after birth [18–20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the infant may be exposed to nicotine through breast milk if nicotine products are used after birth [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Swedish smokeless tobacco during pregnancy: A systematic review of pregnancy and early life health risk

et al. 2023

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Background and Aims Smokeless tobacco is a heterogeneous product group with diverse composition and prevalence globally. Tobacco use during pregnancy is concerning due to the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and effects on child health. Nicotine may mediate several of these effects. This systematic review measured health outcomes from Swedish smokeless tobacco (snus) use during pregnancy. Method Literature search was conducted by an information specialist in May 2022. We included human studies of snus use during pregnancy compared with no tobacco use, assessed risk of bias, conducted a meta‐analysis and assessed confidence in effect‐estimates using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE). Results We included 18 cohort studies (42 to 1 006 398 participants). Snus use during pregnancy probably (moderate confidence in risk estimates) increase the risk of neonatal apnea, adjusted odds ratio 95% confidence interval [aOR (95% CI)] 1.96 (1.30 to 2.96). Snus use during pregnancy possibly (low confidence in risk estimates) increase the risk of stillbirths aOR 1.43 (1.02 to 1.99), extremely premature births aOR 1.69 (1.17 to 2.45), moderately premature birth aOR 1.26 (1.15 to 1.38), SGA aOR 1.26 (1.09 to 1.46), reduced birth weight mean difference of 72.47 g (110.58 g to 34.35 g reduction) and oral cleft malformations aOR 1.48 (1.00 to 2.21). It is uncertain (low confidence in risk estimates, CI crossing 1) whether snus use during pregnancy affects risk of preeclampsia aOR 1.11 (0.97 to 1.28), antenatal bleeding aOR 1.15 (0.92 to 1.44) and very premature birth aOR 1.26 (0.95 to 1.66). Risk of early neonatal mortality and altered heart rate variability is uncertain, very low confidence. Snus using mothers had increased prevalence of caesarean sections, low confidence. Conclusions This systematic review reveals that use of smokeless tobacco (snus) during pregnancy may adversely impact the developing child.

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Maternal use of nicotine products and breastfeeding 3 months postpartum

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Factors Associated with Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration in Greece: Data from the Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey

Factors Associated with Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration in Greece: Data from the Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey

Maternal Stress, Early Life Factors and Infant Salivary Cortisol Levels

Use of Swedish smokeless tobacco during pregnancy: A systematic review of pregnancy and early life health risk

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