Matt Polyurethane Coating: Correlation of Surface Roughness on Measurement Length and Gloss

Yong, Qiwen; Chang, Jinming; Liu, Qi; Jiang, Feng; Wei, Daidong; Li, Haijun

doi:10.3390/polym12020326

Cited by 51 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Similar higher S a values were reported for silicate coatings on concrete and for inorganic dental porcelain [35,36]. Surface roughness of organic film-forming coatings can be below 1 µm [33]. However, the human's perception of a rough surface depends on the distribution of peaks and valleys.…”

Section: Surface Morphology Of the Cured Coatingssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The increase of the magnification reduced the analyzed area and probably consequently the impact of surface defects such as brush drags. The length-scale dependence of surface roughness parameters measured by CLSM has been demonstrated in literature [33]. Among the parameters, arithmetic average roughness S a (or R a ) is commonly chosen to express to surface roughness of materials.…”

Section: Surface Morphology Of the Cured Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation, Surface Characterization, and Water Resistance of Silicate and Sol-Silicate Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Dispersion Coatings for Wood

et al. 2021

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The purpose of this study was to comparatively investigate the behavior of silicate and sol-silicate coatings non-modified or modified with an organosilane on wood and on wood pre-coated with silica-mineralized primers. Adhesion strength, morphology, and water permeability and related damages were studied to evaluate the possibility of utilizing such inorganic-based coating systems for durable protection of wood without or with relatively cheap and water-borne primers. Potassium silicate and potassium methylsiliconate aqueous solutions and a colloidal silica were used for the preparation of the coatings. The white coating paints were brushed on beech wood substrates at a rate of 220 g·m−2. The coatings exhibited good coverage ability. The pull-off adhesion strength values appeared to be related to pH following a polynomial law. The adhesion strength for the silicate coatings were adequate (above 3 MPa and up to 5 MPa) for wood, whereas the values for the sol-silicates were too low for practical applications. The adhesion values were in general higher for the samples cured in a climate room (23 ± 3 °C and 75 ± 2% relative humidity) than the samples cured in the ambient atmosphere of the laboratory (23 ± 3 °C and 25 ± 5% relative humidity). The presence of microdefects (cracks, holes) was revealed in the coating layers by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The surface roughness parameters assessed by confocal scanning laser microscopy were dependent on the magnification applied for their measurement. The arithmetic average roughness Sa was between 5 µm and 10 µm at magnification 5× and between 2.5 μm and 10 µm at magnification 20×. The maximum peak-to-valley height Sz confirmed the presence of open pores emerging through the coatings. The open pores constitute free pathways for water ingress through the coatings, and could explain the high water absorption of the coatings including the methysiliconate-containing silicate coating and despite the relatively high water contact angle and low wettability exhibited by this sample. The post-application of a hydrophobizing solution containing hexadecyltrimethoxysilane and dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride considerably reduced the water permeability, while application of nanosilica-containing organic primers increased the adhesion for the coatings. Silicate coatings with adhesion great enough and resistance against water damages can be generated on wood even without a primer using low silica-to-alkali ratio binders and an organosilane additive. The sol-silicate coatings appear to be applicable only with a primer. The improvement of the paint formulations to control the formation of microcracks and open pores could be useful to reduce the liquid water permeability and increase durability. Otherwise, the application of a hydrophobizing treatment can be used for this purpose.

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Section: Surface Morphology Of the Cured Coatingssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Surface Morphology Of the Cured Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, Surface Characterization, and Water Resistance of Silicate and Sol-Silicate Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Dispersion Coatings for Wood

et al. 2021

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“…Four evaluation sizes were analyzed from 50 × 50 µm to 5000 × 5000 µm. In case of certain parameters (e.g., Sa, Sq) tendencies were demonstrated in the values but other parameter values showed deviations (e.g., Ssk, Sku) [31]. [27].…”

Section: Designation Of Minimum Evaluation Areasmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A survey of several studies revealed that the evaluation area seems to vary in a random manner, i.e., no relationship can be observed between the evaluation area and the applied machining procedure. Studies with the focus of minimization of the evaluation area can hardly be found [31]. In Table A1, examples are collected to demonstrate this phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimization Method for 3D Surface Roughness Evaluation Area

Molnár

2021

Machines

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3D surface roughness measurement is still a less mature procedure than its 2D version. The size of the evaluation area is not as standardized as the measurement length in the 2D version. The purpose of this study is to introduce a method for minimizing the evaluated surface area. This could help industrial applications in minimizing the time and cost of measurements. Machining experiments (hard turning and infeed grinding) and surface roughness measurements were carried out for automotive industrial parts to demonstrate the introduced method. Some frequently used roughness parameters were analyzed. Basic statistical calculations were applied to analyze the relationship between the surface area and the roughness parameter values and regression analyses were applied to validate the results in case of the applied technological data. The main finding of the study is that minimum evaluation areas can be clearly designated and, depending on the different roughness parameter–procedure version, different evaluation sizes (Sa: 1.3 × 1.3 mm; Sq: 1.4 × 1.4 mm; Ssk and Sku: 2 × 2 m; Sp and Sv: 1.7 × 1.7 mm) are recommended.

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“…3 Currently, extinction techniques are divided into physical extinction and chemical extinction within the industry. 4 Physical extinction refers to the way to fabricate extinction coatings via adding matting agents into bulk resin, such as natural fillers, micro wax powders, inorganic powders, and organic resin fillers. 5 Among all, the nano gas-phase SiO 2 powder is the most commonly used matting agent in the market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in polymer‐based matte coatings: A review

Yong

Liu

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

Self Cite

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In modern society, polymer-based matte coatings have gained widespread attention for its low gloss and exquisite texture characteristics, which are capable of providing soft-light environmental atmosphere and pleasant tactile feeling. This paper reports the definition of gloss, the measuring method, and classification of gloss, the mechanism, and method of extinction, as well as the factors that affect the gloss of films.The most significant work of this paper focuses on the research advancements in synthesis methods and matting mechanisms of ultraviolet light-curing matte coatings, powder matte coatings and water-based matte coatings. In general, compared with traditional polymer-based matte coatings, a new-developed chemical matte coating can avoid film defects caused by the addition of matting agents. Meanwhile, it can lower the raw material costs and streamline the production procedures, which are supposed to be the future development trend of matting resin industry.

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Matt Polyurethane Coating: Correlation of Surface Roughness on Measurement Length and Gloss

Cited by 51 publications

References 28 publications

Preparation, Surface Characterization, and Water Resistance of Silicate and Sol-Silicate Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Dispersion Coatings for Wood

Preparation, Surface Characterization, and Water Resistance of Silicate and Sol-Silicate Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Dispersion Coatings for Wood

Minimization Method for 3D Surface Roughness Evaluation Area

Advances in polymer‐based matte coatings: A review

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