Maximum scour depth based on magnetic field change in smart rocks for foundation stability evaluation of bridges

Chen, Genda; Schafer, Brandon P.; Lin, Zhibin; Huang, Ying; Suaznabar, Oscar; Shen, Jerry; Kerenyi, Kornel

doi:10.1177/1475921714554141

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A review of bridge scour monitoring techniques was recently carried out by Prendergast and Gavin [147], Deng and Cai [148], and Wang et al [149]. Monitoring technologies can be classified into three different classes [149]: (i) monitoring with reference target (e.g., magnetic sliding collar [150], float-out devices [151], smart rocks [152,153]); (ii) soil-water interface (e.g., echo sonars [154], fiber Bragg grating sensors [155,156], TDR [157]); and (iii) reverse monitoring (e.g., tilt sensors and modal parameter [158,159]). These sensors and monitoring technologies have advantages and disadvantages, such as real-time data collection and difficulties in measuring the refill scour process, and different economic costs.…”

Section: Bridge Scour Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Science behind Scour at Bridge Foundations: A Review

Pizarro

Manfreda

Tubaldi

2020

Water

103

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Foundation scour is among the main causes of bridge collapse worldwide, resulting in significant direct and indirect losses. A vast amount of research has been carried out during the last decades on the physics and modelling of this phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to provide an up-to-date, comprehensive, and holistic literature review of the problem of scour at bridge foundations, with a focus on the following topics: (i) sediment particle motion; (ii) physical modelling and controlling dimensionless scour parameters; (iii) scour estimates encompassing empirical models, numerical frameworks, data-driven methods, and non-deterministic approaches; (iv) bridge scour monitoring including successful examples of case studies; (v) current approach for assessment and design of bridges against scour; and, (vi) research needs and future avenues.

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Section: Bridge Scour Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Science behind Scour at Bridge Foundations: A Review

Pizarro

Manfreda

Tubaldi

2020

Water

103

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“…There are a number of tools developed to monitor the actual occurrence of scour around hydraulic infrastructure [33][34][35]. However, many geomorphological and hydrological hazards, such as scour around hydraulic infrastructure or riverbed and riverbank destabilisation, typically develop very fast relative to our capacity to take action once they are initiated or detected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Design and Calibration of Instrumented Particles for Assessing Water Infrastructure Hazards

AlObaidi

Valyrakis

2020

JSAN

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The highly dynamical entrainment and transport processes of solids due to geophysical flows is a major challenge studied by water infrastructure engineers and geoscientists alike. A miniaturised instrumented particle that can provide a direct, non-intrusive, low-cost and accessible method compared to traditional approaches for the assessment of coarse sediment particle entrainment is developed, calibrated and tested. The instrumented particle presented here is fitted with inertial microelectromechanical sensors (MEMSs), such as a triaxial accelerometer, a magnetometer and angular displacement sensors, which enable the recording of the particle’s three-dimensional displacement. The sensor logs nine-axis data at a configurable rate of 200–1000 Hz and has a standard mode of deployment time of at least one hour. The data can be obtained and safely stored in an internal memory unit and are downloadable to a PC in an accessible manner and in a usable human-readable state. A plethora of improved design specifications have been implemented herein, including increased frequency, range and resolution of acceleration and gyroscopic sensing. Improvements in terms of power consumption, in comparison to previous designs, ensure longer periods of data logging. The embedded sensors are calibrated using simple physical motions to validate their operation. The uncertainties in the experiments and the sensors’ readings are quantified and an appropriate filter is used for inertial sensor fusion and noise reduction. The instrumented particle is tested under well-controlled lab conditions, where the beginning of the destabilisation of a bed surface in an open channel flow, is showcased. This is demonstrative of the potential that specifically designed and appropriately calibrated instrumented particles have in assessing the initiation and occurrence of water infrastructure hazards.

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“…In early days, geophysical tools such as radar and sonar [3,4,5,6] were most commonly used. Various monitoring techniques use magnetic field properties and includes sensors such as the magnetic sliding collar [7] and smart rocks [8]. The main limitations of these monitoring techniques are their sensitivity to suspended sediments and their vulnerability in harsh environment which is major hurdle to continuous scour monitoring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Rocking Frequencies of Bridge Piers for Scour Monitoring

Student

Schmidt

Chevalier

et al. 2020

Structural Engineering International

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In this study, scour-based vibrations of bridge piers are investigated using a bridge model in a water flume: first, the eigenmode corresponding to the measured frequencies of pier-like structures is identified. Secondly, the effect of the pier-deck interaction is studied. Finally, a theoretical model is proposed to characterize the pier vibration, and identify its input parameters. To this end, experimental campaigns were conducted and a laboratory scale model pier was tested in two configurations: single piers and two piers in bridge configuration. The experimental results enable the identification of the modal shape and indicate that the deck decreases significantly the pier's frequency. Parallely, a theoretical model was proposed to model the pier, where the soil was modeled with both lateral springs along the pier and a rotational spring at the base. These springs stiffness were then identified using a 3D-finite element model. These results, obtained with the theoretical and numerical models, are in good agreement with the experimental results with the bridge pier in the two tested configurations. Moreover the obtained theoretical, numerical and experimental results were compared to experimental data found in the literature, for further validation.

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Maximum scour depth based on magnetic field change in smart rocks for foundation stability evaluation of bridges

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

The Science behind Scour at Bridge Foundations: A Review

The Science behind Scour at Bridge Foundations: A Review

The Design and Calibration of Instrumented Particles for Assessing Water Infrastructure Hazards

Using Rocking Frequencies of Bridge Piers for Scour Monitoring

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