Measurement of Ambient Aerosol Composition During the PMTACS-NY 2001 Using an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer. Part II: Chemically Speciated Mass Distributions Special Issue of<i>Aerosol Science and Technology</i>on Findings from the Fine Particulate Matter Supersites Program

Drewnick, Frank; Jayne, John T.; Canagaratna, Manjula R.; Worsnop, Douglas R.; Demerjian, Kenneth L.

doi:10.1080/02786820390229534

Cited by 73 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This mode was principally composed of organic material with very small concentrations of inorganic species. This finding is consistent with previous observations made at other urban sites in the UK and the US Allan et al, 2003b;Drewnick et al, 2004b). The small organic mode appears to be characteristic of urban sites and fresh emissions.…”

Section: Overview Of Chemical Composition and Size Distributionssupporting

confidence: 83%

Characterization of urban and rural organic particulate in the Lower Fraser Valley using two Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometers

Alfarra

Coe

Allan

et al. 2004

Atmospheric Environment

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395

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Two Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometers (AMS) were deployed at three sites representing urban, semi-rural and rural areas during the Pacific 2001 experiment in the Lower Fraser Valley (LFV), British Columbia, Canada in August 2001. The AMS provides on-line quantitative measurements of the size and chemical composition of the non-refractory fraction of submicron aerosol particles. A significant accumulation mode with a peak around 400-500 nm was observed at all sites that was principally composed of sulphate, organics, ammonium and some nitrate. Another significant mode with a peak below 200 nm was also observed at the urban site and when urban plumes affected the other sites. This paper focuses on the variability of the organic particulate composition and size distribution as a function of location and photochemical activity with a particular emphasis on the urban and rural areas. The small organic mode at the urban site was well correlated with gas phase CO, 1,3-butadiene, benzene and toluene with Pearson's r values of 0.76, 0.71, 0.79 and 0.69, respectively, suggesting that combustion-related emissions are likely to be the main source of the small organic mode at this site. The mass spectra of the urban organic particulate are similar to those of internal combustion engine lubricating oil, and of diesel exhaust aerosol particles, implying that they were composed of a mixture of n-alkanes, branched alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics. In contrast, organic particulate at the rural site was dominated by shorter chain oxidized organic compounds. Correlations between the two organic modes and gas phase compounds at the rural site indicated that a significant part of the small mode originated from combustion sources, while the large accumulation organic mode appeared to be the result of photochemical processing. Processing of organic particulate during a relatively high O 3 episode at the rural site appeared to increase the modal diameter of the accumulation mode from about 400 to 600 nm and almost doubled its mass loading. r

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Section: Overview Of Chemical Composition and Size Distributionssupporting

confidence: 83%

Characterization of urban and rural organic particulate in the Lower Fraser Valley using two Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometers

Alfarra

Coe

Allan

et al. 2004

Atmospheric Environment

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430

395

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“…First, we varied PM 2.5 composition and size distribution in our calculations of F to capture variability across geographical location in the United States and with roadway proximity. For this analysis, we consider the major contributors to PM 2.5 mass: sulfate, nitrate, elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and soil, and we use residential outdoor composition measurements from the Relationships of Indoor, Outdoor, and Personal Air (RIOPA) study 30 and species-specific size distributions from an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS; 31,32 ). Certainly, disparities in health effects could result from differences in concentrations of other PM 2.5 species (e.g., metals), but these species comprise a very small fraction of total fine particle mass and will not affect F in a measureable way.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 For the northeastern US composition scenarios, we used species-specific size distributions measured in Queens, New York in August 2001. 31 We used species-specific size distributions measured in Fresno, California in January 2010 32 to represent the southwestern United States.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also recalculated F for scenarios a and d with k dep and P filter values fit using size distributions measured in New York during the winter. 31 Winter size distributions were analyzed in the same manner as described above. During the winter sampling campaign, particulate sulfate, nitrate, and organics had size distributions that could be characterized by a single mode with an MMD near 0.3 mm.…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability in the fraction of ambient fine particulate matter found indoors and observed heterogeneity in health effect estimates

Hodas

Meng

Lunden

et al. 2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Exposure to ambient (outdoor-generated) fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) occurs predominantly indoors. The variable efficiency with which ambient PM 2.5 penetrates and persists indoors is a source of exposure error in air pollution epidemiology and could contribute to observed temporal and spatial heterogeneity in health effect estimates. We used a mass balance approach to model F for several scenarios across which heterogeneity in effect estimates has been observed: with geographic location of residence, residential roadway proximity, socioeconomic status, and central air-conditioning use. We found F is higher in close proximity to primary combustion sources (e.g. proximity to traffic) and for lower income homes. F is lower when PM 2.5 is enriched in nitrate and with central air-conditioning use. As a result, exposure error resulting from variability in F will be greatest when these factors have high temporal and/or spatial variability. The circumstances for which F is lower in our calculations correspond to circumstances for which lower effect estimates have been observed in epidemiological studies and higher F values correspond to higher effect estimates. Our results suggest that variability in exposure misclassification resulting from variability in F is a possible contributor to heterogeneity in PM-mediated health effect estimates.

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“…and two types of oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA, thought to represent SOA in various states of aging) [Zhang et al, 2007]. In addition, a D analysis [McLafferty and Turecek, 1993;Drewnick et al, 2004] was conducted in which the predominance of different m/z signals is used to indicate the probable lability, size, and functionality of detected fragments. Intensities from positive D values indicate more oxygenated species, while negative D values result from cyclic, unsaturated, and aromatic compounds.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of aerosol associated with enhanced small particle number concentrations in a suburban forested environment

Ziemba¹,

Griffin²,

Cottrell³

et al. 2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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Two elevated particle number/mass growth events associated with Aitken‐mode particles were observed during a sampling campaign (13–29 September 2004) at the Duke University Free‐Air CO2 Enrichment facility, a forested field site located in suburban central North Carolina. Aerosol growth rates between 1.2 and 4.9 nm hr−1 were observed, resulting in net increases in geometric mean diameter of 21 and 37 nm during events. Growth was dominated by addition of oxidized organic compounds. Campaign‐average aerosol mass concentrations measured by an Aerodyne quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometer (Q‐AMS) were 1.9 ± 1.6 (σ), 1.6 ± 1.9, 0.1 ± 0.1, and 0.4 ± 0.4 μg m−3 for organic mass (OM), sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium, respectively. These values represent 47%, 40%, 3%, and 10%, respectively, of the measured submicron aerosol mass. Based on Q‐AMS spectra, OM was apportioned to hydrocarbon‐like organic aerosol (HOA, likely representing primary organic aerosol) and two types of oxidized organic aerosol (OOA‐1 and OOA‐2), which constituted on average 6%, 58%, and 36%, respectively, of the apportioned OM. OOA‐1 probably represents aged, regional secondary organic aerosol (SOA), while OOA‐2 likely reflects less aged SOA. Organic aerosol characteristics associated with the events are compared to the campaign averages. Particularly in one event, the contribution of OOA‐2 to overall OM levels was enhanced, indicating the likelihood of less aged SOA formation. Statistical analyses investigate the relationships between HOA, OOA‐1, OOA‐2, other aerosol components, gas‐phase species, and meteorological data during the campaign and individual events. No single variable clearly controls the occurrence of a particle growth event.

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Measurement of Ambient Aerosol Composition During the PMTACS-NY 2001 Using an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer. Part II: Chemically Speciated Mass Distributions Special Issue ofAerosol Science and Technologyon Findings from the Fine Particulate Matter Supersites Program

Cited by 73 publications

References 27 publications

Characterization of urban and rural organic particulate in the Lower Fraser Valley using two Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometers

Characterization of urban and rural organic particulate in the Lower Fraser Valley using two Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometers

Variability in the fraction of ambient fine particulate matter found indoors and observed heterogeneity in health effect estimates

Characterization of aerosol associated with enhanced small particle number concentrations in a suburban forested environment

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