Measurement of endogenous allantoin excretion in sheep urine

Antoniewicz, A.; Pisulewski, P. M.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600041320

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…3 confirms the linear relationship between DOMI and the urinary excretion of PD and the slope (11·1 mmol/kg DOMI) represents the efficiency coefficient for net microbial synthesis. The reported value for the camels in the present study was close to that reported for goats (12·6) by Laurent et al (1983) but lower than values reported for sheep (18·9 -22·3; Antoniewicz & Pisulewski, 1982;Balcells et al 1993). The PD:DOMI ratio was not constant across experimental treatments and, notably, the highest value was obtained at the lowest level of food intake.…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

Urinary excretion of purine derivatives as an index of microbial protein synthesis in the camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Guerouali

Gass

Balcells³

et al. 2004

Br J Nutr

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Five experiments were carried out to extend knowledge of purine metabolism in the camel (Camelus dromedarius) and to establish a model to enable microbial protein outflow from the forestomachs to be estimated from the urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD; i.e. xanthine, hypoxanthine, uric acid, allantoin). In experiment 1, four camels were fasted for five consecutive days to enable endogenous PD excretion in urine to be determined. Total PD excretion decreased during the fasting period to 267 (SE 41·5) mmol/kg body weight (W) 0·75 per d. Allantoin and xanthine þ hypoxanthine were consistently 86 and 6·1 % of total urinary PD during this period but uric acid increased from 3·6 % to 7·4 %. Xanthine oxidase activity in tissues (experiment 2) was (mmol/min per g fresh tissue) 0·038 in liver and 0·005 in gut mucosa but was not detected in plasma. In experiment 3, the duodenal supply of yeast containing exogenous purines produced a linear increase in urinary PD excretion rate with the slope indicating that 0·63 was excreted in urine. After taking account of endogenous PD excretion, the relationship can be used to predict purine outflow from the rumen. From the latter prediction, and also the purine:protein ratio in bacteria determined in experiment 5, we predicted the net microbial outflow from the rumen. In experiment 4, with increasing food intake, the rate of PD excretion in the urine increased linearly by about 11·1 mmol PD/kg digestible organic matter intake (DOMI), equivalent to 95 g microbial protein/kg DOMI. Purine derivatives: Xanthine oxidase: Microbial protein: CamelsThe urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD; i.e. allantoin, uric acid, hypoxanthine and xanthine) is proportional to the flow of purines into the small intestine. The relationship has been used as a predictor of microbial outflow from the rumen of sheep Balcells et al. 1992), cattle (Verbic et al. 1990;Orellana Boero et al. 2001), goats (Belenguer et al. 2002) and zebu cattle (Bos indicus; Pimpa et al. 2001). This technique has potential for use in other ruminant species of economic significance, provided prediction equations are defined to take account of differences in purine metabolism among species and even among breeds of the same species. For the camel (Camelus dromedarius) there is only limited information on purine metabolism (for example, Mura et al. 1986).The present study was designed to extend our understanding of purine metabolism in the camel and to establish a model for use in estimating net microbial protein outflow from the rumen of the camel. Five experiments were carried out. In experiment 1, endogenous urinary PD excretion was determined in fasting camels. In experiment 2, the activity in different tissues of xanthine oxidase (XO), a key enzyme of purine base (PB) metabolism, was determined. In experiment 3, a relationship was established between the duodenal infusion of exogenous purines and the excretion of PD in urine. In experiment 4 a relationship between food intake and the urinary excretion of PD was dete...

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supporting

confidence: 85%

Urinary excretion of purine derivatives as an index of microbial protein synthesis in the camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Guerouali

Gass

Balcells³

et al. 2004

Br J Nutr

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“…It is not clear why such differences exist though Maloiy et al (1970) reported that sheep excreted more allantoin and uric acid than red deer but Razzaque et al (1973) on the other hand found a higher excretion of hypoxanthine and xanthine in red deer than in sheep. Using the technique of intragastric nutrition Antoniewicz & Pisulewski (1982) and Sibanda et al (1982) measured allantoin excretion but they did not measure the total excretion of purine derivatives and since in our hands xanthine and uric acid can amount to a fairly high and variable proportion it is difficult to compare the values with those reported here. For instance uric acid here sometimes represented up to half of the excretion of purine derivatives.…”

Section: Endogenous Excretion Of Purine Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 61%

The effect of protein infusion on urinary excretion of purine derivatives in ruminants nourished by intragastric nutrition

Fujihara¹,

Ørskov²,

Reeds³

et al. 1987

J. Agric. Sci.

271

146

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Two experiments were carried out to determine endogenous excretion of purine derivatives in steers and lambs, and to investigate the relationship between microbial nucleic acid input and urinary excretion of purine nitrogen.The endogenous excretion of allantoin after conversion of hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid to allantoin, was calculated to be 72 and 26 mg/kg W 075 per day in steers and lambs, respectively, when the dietary protein contained no nucleic acid nitrogen.The excretion of purine derivatives increased linearly with increasing microbial nucleic acid input in lambs. The excretion of purine derivatives in excess of endogenous contribution was closely related to the theoretically expected values. The average recovery was calculated as 0-96 for one sheep and 1-0 for the other.

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“…Allantoin, uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine are all metabolic products of purine metabolism, and allantoin is normally present in the greatest concentration in animal urine, with the relative amounts of the other compounds varying to some extent with species. Most of the allantoin in the urine of cattle and sheep appears to be derived from the nucleic acids of rumen microorganisms, and urinary allantoin can be used as an indicator of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen (Antoniewicz and Pisulewski 1982;Verbic et a1 1990). A small proportion of urinary allantoin is derived from endogenous purine metabolism and there is evidence that, when expressed on the basis of body weight, endogenous allantoin in the urine is about three times greater in cattle than in sheep (Verbic et a1 1990).…”

Section: Allantoin Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogenous constituents in the urine of cattle, sheep and goats

Bristow¹,

Whitehead²,

Cockburn³

1992

J Sci Food Agric

209

120

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Ten samples of urine from dairy cows, five from sheep and four from goats were analysed to assess the distribution of urinary nitrogen (N) among various chemical constituents in order to gain a better understanding of the reactions undergone by urinary N in soil. Total N in the cow urine ranged from 6.8 to 21.6 g N litre-l, of which an average of 69% was present as urea, 7.3 YO as allantoin, 5.8 YO as hippuric acid, 3.7 % as creatinine, 2.5 YO as creatine, 1.3 YO as uric acid, 0.5% as xanthine plus hypoxanthine, 1.3% as free amino acid N and 2.8% as ammonia. In the sheep urine, total N ranged from 3.0 to 13-7 g litre-' of which an average of 83 YO was present as urea; creatine accounted for 5 3 YO of the N; hippuric acid and allantoin both accounted for 4.3 YO, while each of the other constituents amounted to less than 1 ' YO of the total N. The goat urine was similar to the sheep urine but with a lower ratio of creatine to creatinine and a somewhat higher proportion (2.0 YO) of the total N as amino acid.

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Measurement of endogenous allantoin excretion in sheep urine

Cited by 18 publications

References 3 publications

Urinary excretion of purine derivatives as an index of microbial protein synthesis in the camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Urinary excretion of purine derivatives as an index of microbial protein synthesis in the camel (Camelus dromedarius)

The effect of protein infusion on urinary excretion of purine derivatives in ruminants nourished by intragastric nutrition

Nitrogenous constituents in the urine of cattle, sheep and goats

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