Measurement of gaseous oxygen using diode laser spectroscopy

Kroll, Martin H.; McClintock, J. A.; Ollinger, Otto

doi:10.1063/1.98999

Cited by 44 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Since transitions in the A band near 760 nm are spin forbidden, direct absorption measurements of O 2 is complicated due to the very weak absorption cross sections [29]. One method for overcoming this limitation is the use of a derivative technique of spectroscopy with second harmonic (2f) detection as demonstrated by Kroll et al [30], Philippe and Hanson [29], and Rieker and Hanson [31]. The 2f technique utilizes a high frequency modulation of the output wavelength of a laser diode as its wavelength is scanned across the absorption line.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of heating rates on low temperature hexane air combustion

Boettcher

Mével

Thomas

et al. 2012

Fuel

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Combustion of hydrocarbon fuels is traditionally separated into slow reaction, cool flame, and ignition regimes based on pressure and temperature. Standard tests, such as the ASTM E659, are used to determine the lowest temperature required to ignite a specific fuel mixed with air at atmospheric pressure. It is expected that the initial pressure and the rate at which the mixture is heated also influences the limiting temperature and the type of combustion. This study investigates the effect of heating rate, between 4 and 15 K/min, and initial pressure, in the range of 25 to 100 kPa, on ignition of n-hexane air mixtures. Mixtures with equivalence ratio ranging from Φ = 0.6 to Φ = 1.2 were investigated. The problem is also modeled computationally using an extension of Semenov's classical autoignition theory with a detailed chemical mechanism. Experiments and simulations both show that in the same reactor either a slow reaction or an ignition event can take place depending on the heating rate. Analysis of the detailed chemistry demonstrates that a mixture which approaches the ignition region slowly undergoes a significant modification of its composition. This change in composition induces a progressive shift of the explosion limit until the mixture is no longer flammable. A mixture that approaches the ignition region sufficiently rapidly undergoes only a moderate amount of thermal decomposition and explodes quite violently.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of heating rates on low temperature hexane air combustion

Boettcher

Mével

Thomas

et al. 2012

Fuel

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“…Die kostengünstigen, einmodig und vor allem bei Raumtemperatur arbeitenden NIR-DL wurden aber auch in der Gasanalytik eingesetzt [3][4][5], wobei Sauerstoff eines der ersten Moleküle war, das in Laborversuchen quantitativ mit NIR-DL nachgewiesen wurde [6]. Inzwischen stehen durch die ra- …”

Section: Nir-diodenlaser Für Den Gasnachweisunclassified

Empfindlicher extraktiver Gasnachweis mit Nahinfrarot-Diodenlasern am Beispiel von O₂ und CH₄ (Sensitive Extractive Detection of Oxygen and Methane with Near Infrared Diode Lasers)

Ebert¹,

Fernholz²,

Vogel³

2001

Teme

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In vielen industriellen Anwendungen besteht ein großer Bedarf an einem rein optischen und damit korrosionsfesten Nachweis von Sauerstoff. Für diesen Zweck wurde ein hochempfindliches, extraktives, lasergestütztes Zweistrahl-Absorptionsspektrometer mit nur 200 mm Absorptionslänge zum O 2 -Nachweis im Bereich des A-Bandes bei 760 nm entwickelt und mit verschiedenen Lasertypen getestet. Mit einem Vertical-Cavity-Surface-Emitting-Laser mit 670 µW optischer Leistung wurde auf der R11 R11-Linie bei STP eine exzellente Linearität (R = 0,9999) und eine Nachweisgrenze von 35 ppmV O 2 erreicht. Das entspricht einer optischen Dichte von 7 · 10 −7 und ist nur noch einen Faktor 3 von der Schrotrauschgrenze entfernt. Die normierte Spektrometerempfindlichkeit beträgt damit 7,6 ppmV · m · mW 1/2 · s 1/2 . Über Zeiträume von bis zu 10 Stunden betrug die Stabilität 65 ppmV. Das gleiche System wurde mit einem neuartigen Distributed-Feedback-Laser im externen Planresonator gekoppelt, um bei λ = 1,65 µm CH 4 mit einer Empfindlichkeit von 600 ppb · m nachzuweisen.A highly linear (R = 0.9999) dual beam laser absorption spectrometer is described with balanced detection and 200 mm absorption path for sensitive detection of O 2 via R11 R11-line in the A-band at 760 nm and CH 4 via the R3-transition of 2ν 3 -band. Various laser types are compared with regard to their performance. A record sensitivity for Vertical-Cavity-Laser based spectrometers of 35 ppmV O 2 over a 5 min interval, corresponding to an OD of 7 × 10 −7 is reported, which is only a factor of 3 above the shot noise limit. The normalized detection limit is 7.6 ppmV · m · mW 1/2 · s 1/2 . Using a Distributed-Feedback-Diode-Laser in a new external cavity setup at 1.65 µm a detectivity of 600 ppb · m CH 4 is achieved.

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“…Due to its atmospheric abundance and fairly simple, well-known spectroscopy, molecular oxygen has been a popular measurement species for diode laser experiments. Early measurements of oxygen absorption near 761 nm showed that accurate concentration values could be determined within 1% accuracy at 1 kHz (Kroll et al 1987) using traditional distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. The typical DFB lasers in this spectral region were limited in terms of wavelength tuning capability, and thus could not offer simple, high-resolution measurements of temperature and pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data assimilation optimization for the evaluation of inverse mixing and convection flows

2015

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A data assimilation approach is developed for evaluation of fluid-thermal systems wherein a complete specification of the boundary conditions is not known a priori and experimental diagnostics are restricted to a limited region of the flowfield. The methodology is applied to the configuration of a heated jet injected into a laminar boundary layer where the jet temperature and velocity are unknowns. The closed loop method selects the initial locations for the experimental measurements of mean temperature within the flowfield using diode laser absorbance. Diode laser absorption measurements near 761 nm of molecular oxygen are recorded to characterize the time varying temperature of the two dimensional jet. The Response Surface Models built using two-dimensional unsteady Navier-Stokes simulations are used to predict the jet exit temperature and velocity, and select the second set of locations for the experimental measurements. The two sets of experimental data are used to generate the final prediction for the jet exit temperature and velocity. The jet exit velocity is correctly predicted to within the experimental uncertainty; however, the jet exit temperature is over-estimated by 9% to 23%.

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Measurement of gaseous oxygen using diode laser spectroscopy

Cited by 44 publications

References 6 publications

The effect of heating rates on low temperature hexane air combustion

The effect of heating rates on low temperature hexane air combustion

Empfindlicher extraktiver Gasnachweis mit Nahinfrarot-Diodenlasern am Beispiel von O₂ und CH₄ (Sensitive Extractive Detection of Oxygen and Methane with Near Infrared Diode Lasers)

Data assimilation optimization for the evaluation of inverse mixing and convection flows

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Measurement of gaseous oxygen using diode laser spectroscopy

Cited by 44 publications

References 6 publications

The effect of heating rates on low temperature hexane air combustion

The effect of heating rates on low temperature hexane air combustion

Empfindlicher extraktiver Gasnachweis mit Nahinfrarot-Diodenlasern am Beispiel von O2 und CH4 (Sensitive Extractive Detection of Oxygen and Methane with Near Infrared Diode Lasers)

Data assimilation optimization for the evaluation of inverse mixing and convection flows

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Empfindlicher extraktiver Gasnachweis mit Nahinfrarot-Diodenlasern am Beispiel von O₂ und CH₄ (Sensitive Extractive Detection of Oxygen and Methane with Near Infrared Diode Lasers)