Measurement of operator exposure to chlorpyrifos

Gao, Beibei; Tao, Chuanjiang; Ji-ming, YE; Ning, Jun; Mei, Xiangdong; Jiang, Zhifu; Chen, Shuo; She, Dongmei

doi:10.1002/ps.3601

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Although the methodology parameters narrowed the selection criteria of reviewable field studies, novel dosimetry data were obtained from recent studies from Protano et al 10 and Gao et al 11 These data offer measurement of pesticide penetration through single-layer clothing specifically during the MLA activities of pesticide handlers, and support previous investigational studies.…”

Section: Dosimeter Study Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In addition, other variables such as the height of crop being treated, height of the applicator, work experience of the pesticide handler, and method of application affect the levels of exposure to areas of the body. 11 Laboratory studies are included in the data as a point of reference. Textile performance is assessed by placing a pesticide formulation on a fabric swatch and measuring penetration.…”

Section: Dosimeter Study Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Meta-analytic Review of the Effectiveness of Single-Layer Clothing in Preventing Exposure From Pesticide Handling

Miguelino

2014

Journal of Agromedicine

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This review summarizes available information on the penetration of pesticides through single-layer clothing by pesticide handlers and introduces epidemiological and observational studies on pesticide exposure. The data for this report were taken from peer-reviewed articles, publicly available government reports, and publicly available government reviews of registrant-submitted data and information. The arithmetic mean of calculated clothing penetration was obtained for various parts of the body (upper arm, lower arm, chest/torso, back/torso, upper leg, and lower leg) that were exposed to pesticide. The range of pesticide penetration to the various parts of the body through single-layer clothing during mixing, loading, and application (MLA) activities was found to be 6.2% ± 5.7% to 21.4% ± 6.7%, which demonstrates a potential for increased and unintentional pesticide exposures. Based on this evaluation, some accepted default values for protection against pesticide exposure may be overestimated.

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Section: Dosimeter Study Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Dosimeter Study Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Meta-analytic Review of the Effectiveness of Single-Layer Clothing in Preventing Exposure From Pesticide Handling

Miguelino

2014

Journal of Agromedicine

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“…패치법은 사용하기 편리하고 경제적 이지만 작은 면적의 패치를 실제 체표면적으로 외삽하는 과 정에서 과대, 과소평가되는 경향이 있고, 실제 작업복과 재 질 차이로 인하여 농약의 흡착 정도가 달라 정확한 노출량 을 측정하기 어려운 단점이 있다 (Franklin et al, 1981;Fenske, 1990;Niven et al, 1993;Tannahill et al, 1996;Cao et al, 2015). 이를 보완하기 위하여 전신복장노출법 (Whole Body Dosimetry; WBD)을 사용하여 피부노출량을 측정하는데, 이 방법은 전신작업복을 입고 작업을 수행한 후, 작업복 전체를 추출, 분석하기 때문에 전신작업복의 사 용, 비교적 장시간의 노출 시료 채취 과정, 분석시 용매의 다량 소비 등 패치법과 비교하여 상대적으로 불편하고 비경 제적이지만, 노출량의 외삽 과정 없이 실제 피부노출량을 현실적으로 측정할 수 있다 (Chester 1993;Fenske, 1993;OECD, 1997;Castro Cano et al, 2000;Machera et al, 2003;Hughes et al, 2006;Hughes et al, 2008;LesmesFabian et al, 2012;Gao et al, 2013;Grobkopf et al, 2013;An et al, 2014;Abukari, 2015;Cao et al, 2015). 최 근, 국내에서도 전신복장노출법을 이용하여 수박 시설재배 시 농작업자의 피부노출량을 측정한 논문이 보고되었으며 , 전신작업복 속에 내복을 입고 내복의 농 약 오염량까지 측정한 연구도 보고되었다 (Grobkopf et al, 2013;An et al, 2014;Kim et al, 2014).…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Evaluation for Application of IOM Sampler for Agricultural Farmer's Inhalation Exposure to Kresoxim-methyl and Fenthion

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Lee³

et al. 2015

The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science

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An IOM sampler equipped with glass fiber filter has been recently utilized instead of solid adsorbent, which was used to measure the inhalation exposure of agricultural operator to pesticides. The aim of this study is to validate the efficacy of an IOM sampler by measuring the trapping efficiency and breakthrough using kresoxim-methyl water-dispersible granule and fenthion emulsifiable concentrate. On LC-MS/MS, minimum detection level was 12.5 pg and method limit of detection was 5.0 ng/mL. Good linearity (R 2 > 0.999) for matrix matched standards was obtained. Recoveries of pesticides from glass fiber filter were 102-109% (kresoxim-methyl) and 97-104% (fenthion) while those from XAD-2 resin were 94-98% (kresoxim methyl) and 93-100% (fenthion). Trapping efficiency test was performed with personal air pumps and IOM sampler (glass fiber filter) connected with solid adsorbent (XAD-2 resin) with two types of formulation (solid and liquid) which were diluted by standard rate and sprayed to IOM sampler. Those pesticides were trapped only in glass fiber filter without any breakthrough to solid adsorbent. After spiking of pesticides to glass fiber filter, breakthrough test was carried out with IOM sampler (glass fiber filter) which was connected with solid adsorbent. As a results, 87-101% of kresoxim-methyl and 96-105% of fenthion remained in spiked glass fiber filter, however, no pesticides were detected in second glass fiber filter and solid adsorbent. In conclusion, IOM sampler which equipped with glass fiber filter can be applied widely for pesticide inhalation exposure study since it has good trapping efficiency and adsorption capacity, regardless of the solid or liquid formulation.

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“…Special education programs are needed in agricultural regions to promote the safe use of pesticides in the field to decrease the risks from exposure to pesticides for farmers, and from secondary exposure to these compounds for their families [34]. During the mixing process, two layer gloves should be worn for minimizing dermal exposure of hands [35]. Educational training programs focusing on basic safety precautions and proper uses of personal protection equipment (PPE) are possible interventions that could be used to control the respiratory diseases associated with pesticide exposure in occupational settings [36].…”

Section: Total Risks For Non-target Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Total Risk on Non-Target Organisms in Fungicide Application for Agricultural Sustainability

Bozdoğan

2014

Sustainability

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Abstract:In Turkey, in 2010, the amount of pesticide (active ingredient; a.i.) used in agriculture was about 23,000 metric tons, of which approximately 32% was fungicides. In 2012, 14 a.i. were used for fungus control in wheat cultivation areas in Adana province, Turkey. These a.i. were: azoxystrobin, carbendazim, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, fluquinconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, spiroxamine, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl, triadimenol, and trifloxystrobin. In this study, the potential risk of a.i. on non-target organisms in fungicide application of wheat cultivation was assessed by The Pesticide Occupational and Environmental Risk (POCER) indicators. In this study, the highest human health risk was for fluquinconazole (Exceedence Factor (EF) 1.798 for human health), whereas the fungicide with the highest environmental risk was propiconazole (EF 2.000 for the environment). For non-target organisms, the highest potential risk was determined for propiconazole when applied at 0.1250 kg a.i. ha-1 (EF 2.897). The lowest total risk was for azoxystrobin when applied at 0.0650 kg a.i. ha-1 (EF 0.625).

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Measurement of operator exposure to chlorpyrifos

Abstract: The main objectives of this study were to provide an indication of the realistic exposure risk of mixers and applicators, and to contribute useful information for risk mitigation and management and epidemiological studies in China.

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

A Meta-analytic Review of the Effectiveness of Single-Layer Clothing in Preventing Exposure From Pesticide Handling

A Meta-analytic Review of the Effectiveness of Single-Layer Clothing in Preventing Exposure From Pesticide Handling

Evaluation for Application of IOM Sampler for Agricultural Farmer's Inhalation Exposure to Kresoxim-methyl and Fenthion

Assessment of Total Risk on Non-Target Organisms in Fungicide Application for Agricultural Sustainability

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