Measurement of oxidized albumin: An opportunity for diagnoses or treatment of COVID-19

Rahmani-Kukia, Nasim; Abbasi, Ardeshir; Pakravan, Nafiseh; Hassan, Zuhair Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104429

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…MPO can also catalyze the formation of toxic hypochlorous acid (HOCl), able to oxidize albumin [ 71 ]. Oxidation of –SH groups of albumin is known to occur in pathophysiological processes associated with increased inflammation and oxidative stress [ 51 ] and potentially in COVID-19 patients [ 72 ]. This could explain why we have observed a negative correlation between MPO and albumin in our patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress Status in COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit for Severe Pneumonia. A Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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Background: A key role of oxidative stress has been highlighted in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. However, little has been said about oxidative stress status (OSS) of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU). Material and Methods: Biomarkers of the systemic OSS included antioxidants (9 assays), trace elements (3 assays), inflammation markers (4 assays) and oxidative damage to lipids (3 assays). Results: Blood samples were drawn after 9 (7–11) and 41 (39–43) days of ICU stay, respectively in 3 and 6 patients. Vitamin C, thiol proteins, reduced glutathione, γ-tocopherol, β-carotene and PAOT® score were significantly decreased compared to laboratory reference values. Selenium concentration was at the limit of the lower reference value. By contrast, the copper/zinc ratio (as a source of oxidative stress) was higher than reference values in 55% of patients while copper was significantly correlated with lipid peroxides (r = 0.95, p < 0.001). Inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein and myeloperoxidase) were significantly increased when compared to normals. Conclusions: The systemic OSS was strongly altered in critically ill COVID-19 patients as evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation but also by deficits in some antioxidants (vitamin C, glutathione, thiol proteins) and trace elements (selenium).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress Status in COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit for Severe Pneumonia. A Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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“…The authors suggested that the detrimental effect of TMA might be due to a triggering role of this molecule in the degradation of protein structures (i.e., albumin). The possibility of stable protein-TMA complexes (especially in the condition of increased oxidative stress, as occurring in inflammatory conditions (Bito et al, 2005; Era et al, 1995; Rahmani-Kukia et al, 2020)), together with the increased ratio of conversion of TMA into TMAO might provide a possible explanation for the low TMA levels measured in CAD patients and suggest a different fate and metabolism of TMA in CVD respect to healthy people. Studies further investigating this hypothesis are ongoing in our laboratories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial DNA copy number and trimethylamine levels in the blood: new insights on cardiovascular disease biomarkers

Bordoni

Petracci

Pelikant‐Małecka

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Among cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers, the mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) is a promising candidate. A growing attention has been also dedicated to trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), an oxidative derivative of the gut metabolite trimethylamine (TMA). With the aim to identify biomarkers predictive of CVD, we investigated TMA, TMAO and mtDNAcn in a population of 389 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and 151 healthy controls, in association with established risk factors for CVD (gender, age, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, glomerular filtration rate (GFR)). MtDNAcn was significantly lower in CAD patients and in hypertensive subjects; it correlates with GFR and TMA, but not with TMAO. A biomarker including mtDNAcn, gender, and hypertension (but neither TMA nor TMAO) emerged as a good predictor of CAD. Our findings support the usage of mtDNAcn as a plastic biomarker to monitor the exposure to risk factors and the efficacy of preventive interventions for a personalized CAD risk reduction.Highlights-mtDNAcn measured in whole blood is associated to the cardiovascular health status in humans;-mtDNAcn is reduced in CAD and hypertension, and inversely correlates with GFR;-mtDNA, gender and hypertension together represent a good predictive biomarker for CAD;-TMA metabolism is different in healthy and CAD subjects;-TMA and TMAO are not good predictors of CAD.

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“…Overproduction of IFN-I increases the penetration of neutrophils, macrophages, and inflammatory factors into the lung, which is then followed by cytokine storm syndrome, as well. In this situation, the numbers of Th1, Th17, M1 macrophage, NK cells and their secreted inflammatory cytokines increase ( Rahmani-Kukia et al, 2020 ). An increase in the content of activated immune cells at the site of infection and their released inflammatory cytokines triggers cytokine storm.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variants in ACE2; potential influences on virus infection and COVID-19 severity

Bakhshandeh

Sorboni

Javanmard

et al. 2021

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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The third pandemic of coronavirus infection, called COVID-19 disease, was first detected in November 2019th. Various determinants of disease progression such as age, sex, virus mutations, comorbidity, lifestyle, host immune response, and genetic background variation have caused clinical variability of COVID-19. The causative agent of COVID-19 is an enveloped coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that invades host cells using an endocytic pathway. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is the main viral protein that contributes to the fusion of the virus particle to the host cell through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The highly conserved expression of ACE2 is found in various animals, which indicates its pivotal physiological function. The ACE2 has a crucial role in vascular, renal, and myocardial physiology. Genetic factors contributing to the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection are unknown; however, variants in the specific sites of ACE2 gene could be regarded as a main genetic risk factor for COVID-19. Given that ACE2 is the main site for virus landing on host cells, the effect of amino acid sequences of ACE2 on host susceptibility to COVID-19 seems reasonable. It would likely have a substantial role in the occurrence of a wide range of clinical symptoms. Several ACE2 variants can affect the protein stability, influencing the interaction between spike protein and ACE2 through imposing conformational changes while some other variants are known to cause a decrease or an increase in the ligand-receptor affinity. The other variations are located at the proteolytic cleavage site, which can influence virus infection; because soluble ACE2 can act as a decoy receptor for virus and decrease virus intake by cell surface ACE2. Notably, polymorphisms of regulatory and non-coding regions such as promoter in ACE2, can play crucial role in different expression levels of ACE2 among different individuals. Many studies should be performed to investigate the involvement of ACE2 polymorphism with susceptibility to COVID-19. Herein, we discuss some reported associations between variants of ACE2 and COVID-19 in details. In addition, the mode of action of ACE2 and its role in SARS-CoV-2 infection are highlighted which is followed by addressing the effects of several ACE2 variants on its protein stability, viral tropism or ligand-receptor affinity, secondary and tertiary structure or protein conformation, proteolytic cleavage site, and finally inter-individual clinical variability in COVID-19. The polymorphisms of regulatory regions of ACE2 and their effect on expression levels of ACE2 are also provided in this review. Such studies can improve the prediction of the affinity of mutant ACE2 variations with spike protein, and help the biopharmaceutical industry to design effective approaches for recombinant hACE2 therapy and vaccination of COVID-19 disease.

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Measurement of oxidized albumin: An opportunity for diagnoses or treatment of COVID-19

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Oxidative Stress Status in COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit for Severe Pneumonia. A Pilot Study

Oxidative Stress Status in COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit for Severe Pneumonia. A Pilot Study

Mitochondrial DNA copy number and trimethylamine levels in the blood: new insights on cardiovascular disease biomarkers

Variants in ACE2; potential influences on virus infection and COVID-19 severity

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