Measurement of parallax distribution and its application to the analysis of visual comfort for stereoscopic HDTV

Nojiri, Y.; Yamanoue, Hirokazu; Hanazato, Atsuo; Okano, Fumio

doi:10.1117/12.474146

Cited by 73 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, most stereoscopic stills are comfortable to view, nonetheless, visual discomfort might occur as a consequence of much variation in screen disparity within this zone. 58,59 Yano et al confirmed this finding with stereoscopic sequences. 60 A continuous subjective assessment revealed that visual discomfort was related to image content: visual comfort received local low evaluation scores for scenes with high degrees of screen disparity and high amounts of motion.…”

Section: Within the Zone Of Comfortable Viewingsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Nojiri et al verified that stereoscopic stills with large parts of the images perceived beyond the DOF, received much lower scores in terms of visual comfort in contrast to stereoscopic stills perceived within the DOF. 58 Objective measurements were not performed, therefore these finding could not be supported objectively. Yano et al evaluated comfortable viewing for still images in relation to the range of screen disparity both subjectively, using a self-assessment test, and objectively, with pre-and post-accommodation responses.…”

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confidence: 96%

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Visual Discomfort and Visual Fatigue of Stereoscopic Displays: A Review

Lambooij¹,

IJsselsteijn²,

Fortuin³

et al. 2009

jist

915

630

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Section: Within the Zone Of Comfortable Viewingsupporting

confidence: 74%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Visual Discomfort and Visual Fatigue of Stereoscopic Displays: A Review

Lambooij¹,

IJsselsteijn²,

Fortuin³

et al. 2009

jist

915

630

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The first two features are the mean values of the positive and negative disparities. These are computed separately since it is known that the sign of disparity can affect experienced visual discomfort [13,36]: …”

Section: Affect Comparison Of Disparity Estimation Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, stereo images that have low-quality content or shooting errors can induce unwanted effects such as fatigue, asthenopia, eye strain, headache, and other phenomena conductive to a bad viewing experience [2]. A large number of studies have focused on finding features (e.g., disparity, spatial frequency, stimulus width, object size, motion [3], and crosstalk effects) that can be reliably extracted from 3D images (stereopairs) towards creating automatic 3D discomfort prediction algorithms to predict and potentially matching algorithms that extract only sparsely distributed disparities (e.g., at luminance edges) to achieve low complexity, fast computation [13,14]. More, recent studies have emphasized the use of high complexity dense stereo matching algorithms that deliver high quality disparity maps, such as the matching algorithm [17] used in [7], dynamic programming [15,18], the Depth Estimation Reference Software [19] used in [12], and combinations of sparse and dense disparity estimation methods [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disparity signals (in pixels) which are extracted by stereo matching algorithms can be converted to retinal disparities (in angles) given the viewing parameters and the size of the display [24]. Although this conversion is not linear, most studies prefer to using pixel disparities when conducting visual discomfort modeling to simplify algorithm design [7,[13][14][15][16]25]. We will also use pixel disparity-based features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D visual discomfort prediction using low complexity disparity algorithms

Chen

Zhou

Sun

et al. 2016

J Image Video Proc.

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Algorithms that predict the degree of visual discomfort experienced when viewing stereoscopic 3D (S3D) images usually first execute some form of disparity calculation. Following that, features are extracted on these disparity maps to build discomfort prediction models. These features may include, for example, the maximum disparity, disparity range, disparity energy, and other measures of the disparity distribution. Hence, the accuracy of prediction largely depends on the accuracy of disparity calculation. Unfortunately, computing disparity maps is expensive and difficult and most leading assessment models are based on features drawn from the outputs of high complexity disparity calculation algorithms that deliver high quality disparity maps. There is no consensus on the type of stereo matching algorithm that should be used for this type of model. Towards filling this gap, we study the relative performances of discomfort prediction models that use disparity algorithms having different levels of complexity. We also propose a set of new discomfort predictive features with good performance even when using low complexity disparity algorithms.

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Interaction and visual performance in stereoscopic displays: A review

Lin

Woldegiorgis

2015

J Soc Info Display

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In this paper, authors systematically selected and reviewed articles related to stereoscopic displays and their advances, with a special focus on perception, interaction, and corresponding challenges. The aim was to understand interaction‐related problems, provide possible explanations, and identify factors that limit their applications. Despite promising advancements, there are still issues that researchers in the field fail to explain precisely. The two major problems in stereoscopic viewing are, compared with the real world, objects are perceived to be smaller than they actually are and there are discomfort and visual syndromes. Furthermore, there is general agreement that humans underestimate their egocentric distance in a virtual environment (VE). Our analysis revealed that in the real world, distance estimation is about 94% accurate, but in VE, it is only about 80% accurate. This problem could reduce the efficacy of different sensory motor‐based applications where interaction is important. Experts from human factors, computing, psychology, and others have studied contributing factors such as types of perception/response method, quality of graphics, associated stereoscopic conditions, experience in virtual reality (VR), and distance signals. This paper discusses the factors requiring further investigation if the VR interaction is to be seamlessly realized. In addition, engineering research directions aiming at improving current interaction performances are recommended.

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Measurement of parallax distribution and its application to the analysis of visual comfort for stereoscopic HDTV

Cited by 73 publications

References 0 publications

Visual Discomfort and Visual Fatigue of Stereoscopic Displays: A Review

Visual Discomfort and Visual Fatigue of Stereoscopic Displays: A Review

3D visual discomfort prediction using low complexity disparity algorithms

Interaction and visual performance in stereoscopic displays: A review

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