Measurement of soil lead bioavailability and influence of soil types and properties: A review

Abstract

Lead (Pb) is a widespread heavy metal which is harmful to human health, especially to young children. To provide a human health risk assessment that is more relevant to real conditions, Pb bioavailability in soils is increasingly employed in the assessment procedure. Both in vivo and in vitro measurements for lead bioavailability are available. In vivo models are time- consuming and expensive, while in vitro models are rapid, economic, reproducible, and reliable while involving more uncertainties. Uncertainties in various measurements create difficulties in accurately predicting Pb bioavailability, resulting in the unnecessary remediation of sites. In this critical review, we utilised available data from in vivo and in vitro studies to identify the key parameters influencing the in vitro measurements, and presented uncertainties existing in Pb bioavailability measurements. Soil type, properties and metal content are reported to influence lead bioavailability; however, the differences in methods for assessing bioavailability and the differences in Pb source limit one's ability to conduct statistical analyses on influences of soil factors on Pb bioavailability. The information provided in the review is fundamentally useful for the measurement of bioavailability and risk assessment practices.

Lead Toxicity: Health Hazards, Influence on Food Chain, and Sustainable Remediation Approaches

“…The following key factors are to be considered for decision making in public health issues using in-vivo models: (a) specific features and limitations of the model; (b) targeting the human population in the design of animal studies at developmental stage; (c) the use of acceptable environmental doses, and (d) Pb speciation. In-vitro studies such as Relative Bioavailability Leaching Procedure (RBALP), Unified Bio-accessibility Research Group Europe Method (UBM), Solubility Bio-accessibility Research Consortium assay (SBRC), Physiologically Based Extraction Test (PBET), In Vitro Gastrointestinal (IVG) Method, and the In Vitro Digestion Model (RIVM) can be used to measure Pb bioaccessibility [58]. Pb relative bioavailability (RBA) refers to the comparative bioavailability of different Pb forms that are available in source substance [58].…”

“…In-vitro studies such as Relative Bioavailability Leaching Procedure (RBALP), Unified Bio-accessibility Research Group Europe Method (UBM), Solubility Bio-accessibility Research Consortium assay (SBRC), Physiologically Based Extraction Test (PBET), In Vitro Gastrointestinal (IVG) Method, and the In Vitro Digestion Model (RIVM) can be used to measure Pb bioaccessibility [58]. Pb relative bioavailability (RBA) refers to the comparative bioavailability of different Pb forms that are available in source substance [58]. For estimating the relative bioavailability of Pb, a reference material such as Pb acetate can be used.…”

“…For estimating the relative bioavailability of Pb, a reference material such as Pb acetate can be used. Lead RBA in soil can be measured by either blood or tissues (kidney, liver, and femur) [58,59]. Deshommes et al [60] conducted an in-vivo experiment on Pb particles (especially particulate Pb forms including those in paint and dust and those in drinking water supply systems) and stated that the relative bio-accessibility leaching procedure (RBLP) offers the highest degree of validation and simplicity in animal models.…”

Use of Lead Isotopic Ratios as Geographical Tracer for Lambrusco PDO Wines

“…In this scenario, the atmosphere was the former major recipient for lead emission source while, in the actual situation, soil appears to be the most important depositary of anthropogenic contaminants in terrestrial ecosystems with a variation of the bioavailable Pb fraction mainly due to soil characteristics, such as pH and organic substance concentration [13].…”

Bioaccesibilidad, biodisponibilidad y evaluación del riesgo para la salud humana por exposición a elementos traza en huertos urbanos

“…Por el contrario, para el Cr, Cu y Mn, la bioaccesibilidad manifiesta una correlación negativa con el contenido de arcilla. Otros estudios también han comprobado que la arcilla puede retener eficazmente los metales pesados mediante la absorción específica y los intercambios catiónicos, reduciendo su biodisponibilidad relativa(Yan et al 2017).Por otra parte, también se efectuaron varios modelos de regresión lineales múltiples, considerando la bioaccesibilidad estimada mediante los tres métodos, y forzando a que la recta pasara por el origen o teniendo en cuenta la intersección con el eje de ordenadas. Los resultados obtenidos eran relativamente similares y en la Tabla 2.13 se muestran los calculados con los mismos supuestos que para la regresión simple.…”