Measurement of Splenic Red-Blood-Cell Mass With Radioactive Carbon Monoxide

Glass, H. I.; Garreta, A. C. de; Lewis, S. M.; Grammaticos, P.; Szur, L.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(68)92102-8

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…[ 11 C]Carbon monoxide ([ 11 C]CO) was one of the first 11 C‐tracers used for blood volume measurements in humans . [ 11 C]CO is generally produced by the gas‐phase reduction of cyclotron‐produced [ 11 C]CO 2 on a metal surface (zinc or molybdenum) placed in a heated quartz tube at high temperatures, Scheme …”

Section: [11c]carbon Monoxide ([11c]co)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in [¹¹C]carbon dioxide ([¹¹C]CO₂) and [¹¹C]carbon monoxide ([¹¹C]CO) chemistry

Taddei

Gee

2018

Labelled Comp Radiopharmac

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[ 11 C]Carbon dioxide ([ 11 C]CO 2 ) and [ 11 C]carbon monoxide ([ 11 C]CO) are 2 attractive precursors for labelling the carbonyl position (C═O) in a vast range of functionalised molecules (eg, ureas, amides, and carboxylic acids). The development of radiosynthetic methods to produce functionalised 11 C‐labelled compounds is required to enhance the radiotracers available for positron emission tomography, molecular, and medical imaging applications. Following a brief summary of secondary 11 C‐precursor production and uses, the review focuses on recent progress with direct 11 C‐carboxylation routes with [ 11 C]CO 2 and 11 C‐carbonylation with [ 11 C]CO. Novel approaches to generate [ 11 C]CO using CO‐releasing molecules (CO‐RMs), such as silacarboxylic acids and disilanes, applied to radiochemistry are described and compared with standard [ 11 C]CO production methods. These innovative [ 11 C]CO synthesis strategies represent efficient and reliable [ 11 C]CO production processes, enabling the widespread use of [ 11 C]CO chemistry within the wider radiochemistry community.

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Section: [11c]carbon Monoxide ([11c]co)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in [¹¹C]carbon dioxide ([¹¹C]CO₂) and [¹¹C]carbon monoxide ([¹¹C]CO) chemistry

Taddei

Gee

2018

Labelled Comp Radiopharmac

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“…by the carbon monoxide (CO) rebreathing procedure (Burge and Skinner 1995;Thomsen et al 1991). The general problem of dilution techniques, however, is that except radioactive haemoglobin (Glass et al 1968) or red cell bound markers (Gray and Sterling 1950) the tracer administered to the compartment which is to be measured, is completely present for only a relatively short period of time due to diffusion to other compartments (Gibson and Jr Evans 1937). In case of the CO-rebreathing method, the tracer CO may leave the intravascular space by diffusing to myoglobin since besides haemoglobin it is the main binding site for CO. Other sites like cytochromeoxidase, cytochrom P-450 and hydroperoxidase do not significantly contribute to the ligation of CO (Stewart 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of CO from the intravascular bed and its impact on the optimised CO-rebreathing method

2007

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Total haemoglobin mass can be easily measured by applying the optimised CO-rebreathing method (oCOR-method). Prerequisite for its accurate determination is a homogenous CO distribution in the blood and the exact knowledge of the CO volume circulating in the vascular space. The aim of the study was to evaluate the mixing time of CO in the blood after inhaling a CO-bolus and to quantify the CO volume leaving the vascular bed due to diffusion to myoglobin and due to exhalation during processing the oCOR-method. The oCOR-method was also compared to a former commonly used CO-rebreathing procedure. In ten subjects, the time course of carboxy-haemoglobin (HbCO) formation was analysed simultaneously in capillary and venous blood for a period of 15 min after inhaling a CO bolus. The volume of CO diffusing from haemoglobin to myoglobin was calculated via the decrease of HbCO. As part of this decrease is due to CO exhalation, this volume was quantified by collecting the exhaled air in a Douglas bag system. Equal HbCO values in capillary and venous blood were reached at min 6 indicating complete mixing of CO. The loss of CO out of the vascular bed due to exhalation and due to diffusion to myoglobin was 0.32 +/- 0.12% min(-1) (0.25 +/- 0.09 ml min(-1)) and 0.32 +/- 0.18% min(-1) (0.24 +/- 0.13 ml min(-1)) of the administered CO volume, respectively. The loss of CO due to exhalation and diffusion to myoglobin is of minor impact. It should, however, be considered by using correction factors to obtain high accuracy when determining total haemoglobin mass.

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“…After decay of the H 2 15 O radioisotope, blood volume similarly was obtained from the positron scintigrams after equilibration with 5-10 ml of blood labeled with C 15 O. C 15 0 binds to hemoglobin and is an effective blood pool label (Glass et al, 1968). Extravascular lung water volume was calculated by subtracting the measured C…”

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Regional edema formation in isolated perfused dog lungs.

Hales¹,

Kanarek²,

Ahluwalia³

et al. 1981

Circulation Research

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SUMMARY Studies using gravimetric analysis of lungs of frozen animals have suggested that the differences in pulmonary microvascular pressure between non-dependent and dependent lung do not influence the formation of regional pulmonary edema. We wondered if the inability to detect variation in regional extravascular lung water (EVLW) was due to the slow freezing process and, therefore, reassessed the distribution of EVLW in vertically suspended isolated perfused dog lungs with a radioisotopic technique that does not require freezing. Total lung water (TLW), blood or intravascular lung water (FVLW), and EVLW were measured in absolute quantities using a positron camera and the positron-emitting isotopes C I5O as a blood label and H 2 15O as a total lung water label. Mean isotopic TLW in 17 lungs that were normal or moderately edematous (wet:dry ratio < 7) was 142 ± 9 (SE) ml compared to the gravimetric estimate of 148 ± 7 ml (r = 0.92) and isotopic EVLW was 64 ± 6 ml compared to the gravimetric estimate of 70 ± 6 ml (r = 0.8). Analysis of the distribution of regional isotopically measured EVLW in the 17 lungs in various states of spontaneous edema formation revealed a small non-dependent to dependent, gravity-related increase in percent regional EVLW compared to percent regional TLW, which did not vary with the degree of edema in the lung. Serial measurements of absolute regional EVLW in four lungs during spontaneously developing edema also failed to show a disproportionate increase in accumulation of EVLW in any lung zone. Thus, despite the wide variation in microvascular hydrostatic pressure between-top and bottom of the vertical isolated lung, edema formation seems to be uniform.

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Measurement of Splenic Red-Blood-Cell Mass With Radioactive Carbon Monoxide

Cited by 36 publications

References 6 publications

Recent progress in [¹¹C]carbon dioxide ([¹¹C]CO₂) and [¹¹C]carbon monoxide ([¹¹C]CO) chemistry

Recent progress in [¹¹C]carbon dioxide ([¹¹C]CO₂) and [¹¹C]carbon monoxide ([¹¹C]CO) chemistry

Loss of CO from the intravascular bed and its impact on the optimised CO-rebreathing method

Regional edema formation in isolated perfused dog lungs.

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Measurement of Splenic Red-Blood-Cell Mass With Radioactive Carbon Monoxide

Cited by 36 publications

References 6 publications

Recent progress in [11C]carbon dioxide ([11C]CO2) and [11C]carbon monoxide ([11C]CO) chemistry

Recent progress in [11C]carbon dioxide ([11C]CO2) and [11C]carbon monoxide ([11C]CO) chemistry

Loss of CO from the intravascular bed and its impact on the optimised CO-rebreathing method

Regional edema formation in isolated perfused dog lungs.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Recent progress in [¹¹C]carbon dioxide ([¹¹C]CO₂) and [¹¹C]carbon monoxide ([¹¹C]CO) chemistry

Recent progress in [¹¹C]carbon dioxide ([¹¹C]CO₂) and [¹¹C]carbon monoxide ([¹¹C]CO) chemistry