Measurement of the ultrasonic properties of human coronary arteries in vitro with a 50-MHz acoustic microscope

Abstract

Ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, wave propagation speed and integrated backscatter coefficient (IBC) of human coronary arteries were measured in vitro over the -6 dB frequency bandwidth (36 to 67 MHz) of a focused ultrasound transducer (50 MHz, focal distance 5.7 mm, f/number 1.7). Corrections were made for diffraction effects. Normal and diseased coronary artery sub-samples (N = 38) were obtained from 10 individuals at autopsy. The measured mean ± SD of the wave speed (average over the entire vessel wall thickness) was 1581.04 ± 53.88 m/s. At 50 MHz, the average attenuation coefficient was 4.99 ± 1.33 dB/mm with a frequency dependence term of 1.55 ± 0.18 determined over the 36-to 67-MHz frequency range. The IBC values were: 17.42 ± 13.02 (sr.m) -1 for thickened intima, 11.35 ± 6.54 (sr.m) -1 for fibrotic intima, 39.93 ± 50.95 (sr.m) -1 for plaque, 4.26 ± 2.34 (sr.m) -1 for foam cells, 5.12 ± 5.85 (sr.m) -1 for media and 21.26 ± 31.77 (sr.m) -1 for adventitia layers. The IBC results indicate the possibility for ultrasound characterization of human coronary artery wall tissue layer, including the situations of diseased arteries with the presence of thickened intima, fibrotic intima and plaque. The mean IBC normalized with respect to the mean IBC of the media layer seems promising for use as a parameter to differentiate a plaque or a thickened intima from a fibrotic intima.

Layer-Dependent Variation in the Anisotropy of Apparent Integrated Backscatter from Human Coronary Arteries

“…This apparent disagreement is likely attributable to the many experimental differences between that work and the current study. Later work from the same group on coronary arteries (as opposed to femoral arteries) investigated radially does parallel the results of the current work and is consistent with the bright-dark-bright layered pattern seen in side-looking IVUS (Machado and Foster 2001; Machado et al 2002). …”