Abstract:The electroweak production and subsequent decay of single top quarks is determined by the properties of the Wtb vertex. This vertex can be described by the complex parameters of an effective Lagrangian. An analysis of angular distributions of the decay products of single top quarks produced in the t-channel constrains these parameters simultaneously. The analysis described in this paper uses 4.6 fb −1 of proton-proton collision data at √ s = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Two parameters are measured simultaneously in this analysis. The fraction f 1 of decays containing transversely polarised W bosons is measured to be 0.37 ± 0.07 (stat.⊕syst.). The phase δ − between amplitudes for transversely and longitudinally polarised W bosons recoiling against lefthanded b-quarks is measured to be −0.014π ± 0.036π (stat.⊕syst.). The correlation in the measurement of these parameters is 0.15. These values result in two-dimensional limits at the 95% confidence level on the ratio of the complex coupling parameters g R and A Parameter dependence of the folding and background models 23The ATLAS collaboration 29
IntroductionThe top quark is the heaviest known fundamental particle, making the measurement of its production and decay kinematics a unique probe of physical processes beyond the Standard Model (SM). The top quark was first observed in 1995 at the Tevatron [1, 2] through its dominant production channel, top-quark pair (tt) production via the flavour-conserving strong interaction. An alternative process produces single top quarks through the weak interaction, first observed at the Tevatron in 2009 [3, 4]. The t-channel exchange of a virtual W boson is the dominant process contributing to single top-quark production (see figure 1). The production cross-section is calculated for Figure 1. Representative Feynman diagrams for t-channel single top-quark production and decay. Here q represents a u ord quark, and q represents a d orū quark, respectively. The initial b-quark arises from (a) a sea b-quark in the 2 → 2 process, or (b) a gluon splitting into a bb pair in the 2 → 3 process.proton-proton (pp) collisions at √ s = 7 TeV using a next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD prediction with resummed next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (NNLL) accuracy, referred to as approximate next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO). With a top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV and MSTW2008NNLO [5] parton distribution function (PDF) sets, the cross-section for the t-channel process is calculated to be 64.6+2.6 −1.7 pb [6]. The uncertainties correspond to the sum in quadrature of the error obtained from the MSTW PDF set at the 90% confidence level (C.L.) and the factorisation and renormalisation scale uncertainties.New physics resulting in corrections to the Wtb vertex would affect t-channel single top-quark production and decay, and can be probed through processes which affect variables sensitive to the angular distributions of the final-state particles from the top-quark decay. Within the effective field theory framework, the Lagrang...