Measuring cortisol in hair and saliva from dogs: coat color and pigment differences

Bennett, Allyson J.; Hayssen, Virginia

doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2010.04.003

Cited by 178 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…First, by using a human cortisol test method using chemiluminescence immunoassay (Kohen et al, 1980), the test sensitivity was 0.2 µg/dl. Second, by using salivary ELISA test method (Bennett and Hayssen, 2010), the sensitivity was 0.003 µg/dl. All standards and reagents were provided in the kit.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wool cortisol is a better indicator of stress than blood cortisol in ewes exposed to heat stress and water restriction

Lee

Lohakare

Son

et al. 2014

Animal

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This study investigated the effect of water restriction on wool and blood cortisol concentrations and water consumption patterns in heat-stressed sheep. Nine Corriedale female sheep (average BW = 43 ± 6.5 kg) were individually fed diets based on maintenance requirement in metabolic crates. They were assigned to three treatments according to a Latin square design (3 × 3) for three periods with a 21-day duration for each period (nine sheep per treatment). Treatments included free access to water (FAW), 2 h water restriction (2hWR) and 3 h water restriction (3hWR) after feeding. Average temperaturehumidity index in the experimental room was 27.9 throughout the experiment that defines heat stress conditions. Wool samples were taken at the end of each period on day 21. No differences were found in cortisol concentration in each fragment (dried, washed and residual extract) of wool (P < 0.05). Total wool cortisol concentration was higher in the 3hWR group than the other treatments (P < 0.05). Blood cortisol was not different among the treatments (P > 0.05) and resulted in higher variable data compared with wool cortisol. Blood neutrophils and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio suppressed in FAW and 3hWR groups compared with the 2hWR group (P < 0.05). The duration of water consumption recorded after feeding in the 3hWR group was higher than in the 2hWR group when recorded in the afternoon (P < 0.01). Water consumption rate was higher in the 3hWR group than in the 2hWR group (P < 0.01). However, total water consumed was lower in the 3hWR group compared with other treatments (P > 0.05). It can be concluded that wool cortisol provides more precise and accurate data than blood cortisol during heat stress conditions. Water restriction for 3 h after feeding can act as a stressor and is critical for sheep during heat stress as the consumption of water decreases with restriction.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wool cortisol is a better indicator of stress than blood cortisol in ewes exposed to heat stress and water restriction

Lee

Lohakare

Son

et al. 2014

Animal

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“…However, as described above, a linear dose-response relation − in terms of target cell effects − should not be expected. The same phenomena in which cortisol infuses from blood into hair [3,5,8] is theorized to occur in the same way from saliva into teeth. Researchers who decide to assess salivary cortisol must consider that variables such as hormones (gender, menstrual cycle, oral contraceptives) or medical conditions could affect cortisol binding and HPAA, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Animal studies have suggested that increased levels of cortisol produce a glucocorticoid deficient state and can lead to a lower resistance to infection, intense susceptibility to autoimmune inflammatory diseases, and pain [4,5]. Psychological and dental studies have routinely exploited salivary cortisol as a reliable means of measuring hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) adaptation to stress [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Embedded Dental Cortisol Content: A Pilot Study

G¹,

Jeong²

2016

Endocrinol Metab Syndr

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Objective: This study tests the feasibility and validity of analyzing cortisol levels within human teeth and the possibility of any potential gender differences. Methods:As a precursor, to confirm the general presence and existence of cortisol within teeth, six healthy supernumerary teeth were initially extracted and examined following the ELISA method. After confirming that cortisol was in fact present within human teeth, we began the main experiment. In order to examine any potential gender differences, twenty-one extracted wisdom teeth were collected from subjects (11 male and 10 female) within the age range of 27-29 yrs. Results:The results showed irrefutable proof of the existence of cortisol within the dentin of the teeth. Observations revealed that gender had no significant impact upon a subject's dental cortisol levels (p>0.05), suggesting that cortisol in teeth can be used as an unbiased and reliable means of studying stress.Conclusions: This is the first report on extraction and analysis of cortisol levels in hard tissues, such as teeth, leading to the discovery of a novel biomarker that can be used when studying chronic stress. Practical application of this study can be used postmortem to assess cortisol levels in patients suffering from prolonged disorders, including patients having undergone chemotherapy treatments, when hair cortisol analysis proved to be problematic.

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“…However, hair cortisol has recently been validated as a biomarker for chronic 72 stress in dogs (Accorsi et al, 2008;Bennett and Hayssen, 2010). It is insensitive to 73 acute stressors (Bennett and Hayssen, 2010) and provides an average of the 74 individual's cortisol response over the period of hair growth (Accorsi et al, 2008). 75…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Should stress management be part of the clinical care provided to chronically ill dogs?

Nicholson

Meredith

2015

Journal of Veterinary Behavior

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1As a consequence of their physical and/or psychological effects, on-going diseases 2 have the potential to elicit chronic stress in dogs. Chronic stress may contribute to 3 disease progression and negatively affect welfare. By investigating whether on-4 going illnesses cause chronic stress in dogs and exploring the relationship between 5 hair cortisol and potential disease-dependent and disease-independent stressors, 6 this research aimed to determine if stress management should be integrated into 7 veterinary care. Hair samples were collected from 33 dogs to assess cortisol levels 8 (Ill n = 16; 12 non-black and 4 black; healthy n = 17; 12 non-black and 5 black) 9 using a commercially available biochemical assay. In addition, a questionnaire was 10 distributed to the owners of these dogs to gather information on pet care, chronic 11 stress behaviours and disease characteristics. The hair cortisol levels of black and 12 non-black dogs did not differ significantly (U = 89, df = 31, p = 0.442). Data were 13 therefore pooled for further analysis. Significant differences were not found in the 14 hair cortisol levels of chronically ill

show abstract

Measuring cortisol in hair and saliva from dogs: coat color and pigment differences

Cited by 178 publications

References 45 publications

Wool cortisol is a better indicator of stress than blood cortisol in ewes exposed to heat stress and water restriction

Wool cortisol is a better indicator of stress than blood cortisol in ewes exposed to heat stress and water restriction

Embedded Dental Cortisol Content: A Pilot Study

Should stress management be part of the clinical care provided to chronically ill dogs?

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