Measuring guided waves in long bones: Modeling and experiments in free and immersed plates

The effect of boundary conditions on guided wave propagation in two-dimensional models of healing bone

“…However, reflections caused by the finite thickness of the soft tissues cannot be taken into consideration with this model. This issue was firstly addressed in bone research in [23] by employing a fluid-solid bilayer model, similar to that presented in [24], in which the liquid layer on the top of the bone played the role of the overlying soft tissues. Bilayer models, however, do not allow for modeling the soft tissues in the endosteal region of bone, i.e.…”

“…Our results cannot be directly compared with other studies due to the different models that were used. An osteoporosis study [23] reported on the detection of the A0 mode in the two-dimensional spectrum of the signals obtained from a bilayer model. However, in our study, the propagation of the fundamental modes was limited.…”

“…3a) the bone was assumed to be immersed in blood. Although water has been used in other studies [23] for the simulation of the soft tissues, blood has Young's modulus E blood = 3 MPa, Poisson's ratio v blood = 0.49979 and density q blood = 1055 kg/m 3 , and was selected because it better approaches the soft tissue properties. The reference values of the mechanical properties for blood were obtained from the material library of the commercial software Wave2000 Pro (CyberLogic Inc., NY, USA).…”

“…In order to identify the propagating modes, computational simulations and experiments on immersed plates have been performed [23]. A theoretical fluid-solid bilayer model was incorporated, in which a liquid layer on the top of the solid plate, simulated the overlying soft tissues.…”

Correlations between ultrasonic guided wave velocities and bone properties in bovine tibia in vitro

“…3,10 Therefore, a suitable in vivo multi-layer model and a special signal processing technique must be implemented for consistency of mode identification and velocity estimation. [16][17][18] …”