Measuring xenophobia: Social desirability and survey mode effects

D’Ancona, María Ángeles Cea

doi:10.1093/migration/mnt014

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Therefore, our pattern of findings and the generalizability of the prevalence estimates obtained in the present study are limited to the sample we investigated, and would need to be replicated in other populations. Estimates for the prevalence of xenophobic attitudes might turn out to be even higher in a more representative sample also including lower-educated respondents, as lower education has repeatedly been shown to be associated with a higher incidence of xenophobic attitudes (D'Ancona, 2013;Hjerm, 2001;Ostapczuk, Musch, et al, 2009b;Zick et al, 2011). Studentonly samples are also presumably more homogeneous, thereby increasing the statistical power to detect differences between questioning techniques.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This discrepancy is likely to lead to social pressure to deny xenophobic attitudes and endorse further refugee admissions (Zick, Hövermann, & Krause, 2012). Direct self-reports on xenophobic attitudes and reluctance to grant asylum to refugees have indeed been found to be distorted by social desirability bias, leading to underestimates of their prevalence (D'Ancona, 2013;Krumpal, 2012;Ostapczuk, Musch, & Moshagen, 2009b). Indirect questioning techniques have been shown to lead to higher, and thus presumably more valid, estimates of both the prevalence of xenophobic attitudes (Hoffmann & Musch, 2016;Krumpal, 2012;Ostapczuk, Musch, et al, 2009b) and opposition to further refugee admissions .…”

Section: Xenophobia and Opposition To Reception Of Refugees In Germanymentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the validity of non-randomized response techniques: an experimental comparison of the crosswise model and the triangular model

2020

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Non-randomized response techniques (NRRTs) such as the crosswise model and the triangular model (CWM and TRM; Yu et al. Metrika, 67, 251-263, 2008) have been developed to control for socially desirable responding in surveys on sensitive personal attributes. We present the first study to directly compare the validity of the CWM and TRM and contrast their performance with a conventional direct questioning (DQ) approach. In a paper-pencil survey of 1382 students, we obtained prevalence estimates for two sensitive attributes (xenophobia and rejection of further refugee admissions) and one nonsensitive control attribute with a known prevalence (the first letter of respondents' surnames). Both NRRTs yielded descriptively higher prevalence estimates for the sensitive attributes than DQ; however, only the CWM estimates were significantly higher. We attribute the higher prevalence estimates for the CWM to its response symmetry, which is lacking in the TRM. Only the CWM provides symmetric answer options, meaning that there is no "safe" alternative respondents can choose to distance themselves from being carriers of the sensitive attribute. Prevalence estimates for the nonsensitive control attribute with known prevalence confirmed that neither method suffered from method-specific bias towards over-or underestimation. Exploratory moderator analyses further suggested that the sensitive attributes were perceived as more sensitive among politically left-oriented than among politically right-oriented respondents. Based on our results, we recommend using the CWM over the TRM in future studies on sensitive personal attributes.

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Section: Limitations and Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Xenophobia and Opposition To Reception Of Refugees In Germanymentioning

confidence: 99%

On the validity of non-randomized response techniques: an experimental comparison of the crosswise model and the triangular model

2020

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“…Más difícil es valorar si pudo darse el efecto contrario, una intensificación ulterior de las inhibiciones que, según una amplia bibliografía, afectan a la manifestación de posturas desfavorables por su asociación con un ideario racista y xenófobo (D'Ancona y Vallés, 2010;Janus, 2010;D'Ancona, 2014;Creighton, Jamal y Malancu, 2015). Desde el Holocausto, este ideario es denostado institucionalmente en cualquier Estado democrático (Allport, 1954) más si cabe en una democracia, la española, forjada por la repulsa al nacionalismo agonizante de cuña franquista (González, 2017)-.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“No es culpa de ellos”. Discursos sobre la inmigración tras la irrupción de la derecha radical en el sistema político español

Mariscal-de-Gante

Rinken

2022

MIG

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La irrelevancia de partidos nativistas y el predominio de actitudes tolerantes en materia migratoria hacían que, hasta fechas recientes, España constituyese una doble excepción en el contexto europeo. La irrupción de VOX en el sistema político supone un punto de inflexión al respecto: la presencia institucional de discursos xenófobos plantea incógnitas sobre la evolución de las actitudes ante la inmigración y los inmigrantes. En base a dinámicas grupales celebradas pocos meses después del primer gran éxito electoral de VOX, el presente estudio examina la propensión de la población española a convertir a los inmigrantes en chivos expiatorios. Los resultados sugieren que la experiencia colectiva de la Gran Recesión alejó a los inmigrantes de este rol. El “efecto VOX” sobre las actitudes ante la inmigración resulta ser inesperadamente polifacético, al comprender una revigorización de concepciones universalistas.

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“…When measuring sensitive topics such as discrimination, respondents tend to underreport undesirable attitudes (Krumpal, 2013;Cea D'Ancona 2014). Survey experiments can reduce these social desirability effects (Gilens 2002: 233;Gaines, Kuklinski and Quirk 2007: 4).…”

Section: Methods and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination against Roma: Evidence from two survey experiments in Norway

Falck

2020

Migration Studies

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Norway has a history of tough assimilation of the first migration of Roma people, known as the Tater/Romani people. The state introduced laws that discriminated against the Tater/Romani people. This article traces the international and national developments from discriminatory laws to laws against discrimination in Norway. With the recent appearance of immigrant Roma from Eastern Europe, Roma are once again on the political agenda of West European countries. Despite the many laws against discrimination that are now in place, this article demonstrates that the public still discriminates against Roma people. Two survey experiments reveal that the Roma are being directly discriminated against within the Norwegian society and indirectly discriminated against compared to other European Economic Area (EEA) immigrants. The article suggests that this could be related to a history of antiziganism in society. Furthermore, it appears that such attitudes are not easily changed by laws but demands broad social mobilisation.

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Measuring xenophobia: Social desirability and survey mode effects

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

On the validity of non-randomized response techniques: an experimental comparison of the crosswise model and the triangular model

On the validity of non-randomized response techniques: an experimental comparison of the crosswise model and the triangular model

“No es culpa de ellos”. Discursos sobre la inmigración tras la irrupción de la derecha radical en el sistema político español

Discrimination against Roma: Evidence from two survey experiments in Norway

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