Mechanical alloy coating of LATP decorated porous carbon on LiFe1/3Mn1/3Co1/3PO4/C composite cathode for high-voltage Li-ion battery

Phosphate Polyanion Materials as High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode: A Review

“…Conversely, the sol–gel, hydrothermal/solvothermal and microwave heating methods could also provide controllable particle size and morphology, but they also suffered lot in the case of complex synthesis procedure and cost effectiveness. Alternatively, the coprecipitation method can be a better choice for mass production with controlled porous and spherical-shaped particle synthesis for improving the electron and Li + ion transport high-voltage LIBs. ,, In addition, this review also found that the combined strategy of a solid-state reaction with high energy ball-milling/spray-drying, ,,, high energy ball-milling/sol–gel, and sol–gel/spray-drying methods, as well as hydrothermal/coprecipitation methodologies can provide more uniform spherical particles in large-scale production, which consists of nanometer-scale primary particles with more uniform carbon layers, resulting in superior capacity improvement and long-term cycle stability. However, further developments are still ongoing to commercialize binary or ternary olivine-type polyanions cathode materials with a low-cost and less-time-consuming methodology for high-voltage LIBs applications.…”

“…189,193 Conversely, the other report found that the carbonate-based Co precursor (instead of nitrate based) based on a solid-state route followed by a spray-drying method can control the secondary particle size (5−8 μm) via a dual-time ball-milled process and improved the rate and long-term cycling profile. 194 The dry particle coating of the LiFe 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 PO 4 /C cathode using a dual-conductor LATP@porous C composite can effectively increase the initial discharge capacity to 151.9 mAh•g −1 at 0.1 C and 78.5 mAh•g −1 at 10 C-rate in the presence of high-voltage additives. Therefore, from the literature published, the solid-state synthesis route with a dual-time ball-milled process can control the secondary particle size and uniform distribution of nanocrystals with residual carbon content, thus enhancing the overall electrochemical performance in high-voltage LIBs applications.…”

“…The results suggested that the nanostructured materials with high surface areas can provide more room for Li + ion penetration and store more capacity. The secondary particle sizes are more uniform and porous carbon layers because 2000 carbon nanospheres can also protect the parent materials from electrolyte attack during the high-voltage operation, even though a ternary olivine cathode that had been synthesized from native Co precursors demonstrated poor rate capability and cycle life performance due to the large particle size (∼10 μm). , Conversely, the other report found that the carbonate-based Co precursor (instead of nitrate based) based on a solid-state route followed by a spray-drying method can control the secondary particle size (5–8 μm) via a dual-time ball-milled process and improved the rate and long-term cycling profile . The dry particle coating of the LiFe 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 PO 4 /C cathode using a dual-conductor LATP@porous C composite can effectively increase the initial discharge capacity to 151.9 mAh·g –1 at 0.1 C and 78.5 mAh·g –1 at 10 C-rate in the presence of high-voltage additives.…”

“…Mn ion dissolution was significantly suppressed by this durable carbon layer; hence, the cathode achieved excellent retention of 96% for 450 cycles at 25 °C and 97% for 50 cycles at 55 °C at 1 C-rate. Moreover, the spray-drying method had also demonstrated LiFe 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 PO 4 /C microspheres and effectively improved the cycle stability and high rate capacity of 78 mAh·g –1 at 10 C-rate, while the cell performed at 5 V vs Li/Li + . , A few other methods adopted for cathode materials synthesis are the carbothermal reduction method, polymer precursor method, − and molten salt method. − …”

“…Moreover, the spraydrying method had also demonstrated LiFe 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 PO 4 / C microspheres and effectively improved the cycle stability and high rate capacity of 78 mAh•g −1 at 10 C-rate, while the cell performed at 5 V vs Li/Li + . 194,200 A few other methods adopted for cathode materials synthesis are the carbothermal reduction method, 201 polymer precursor method, 202−204 and molten salt method. 205−208 Energy & Fuels 5.6.…”