Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties of h-BN-TiO2 Nanocomposite-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement

Abstract

This study investigated the mechanical properties and antibacterial properties of hexagonal boron nitride and titanium dioxide (h-BN-TiO2) nanocomposite modified traditional glass ionomer cement. The mechanism of formation of the h-BN-TiO2 nanocomposite was elucidated by conducting molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the Material Studio (MS) software. Furthermore, synthesis of h-BN-TiO2 nanocomposite by the original growth method using hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h-BNNs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 Nps) and characterization using TEM and AFM to determine their particle sizes, morphologies, and structures. The mechanical properties and antibacterial efficacies of the glass ionomer cement composites were analyzed based on the different mass fractions (0, 0.3, 0.7, 1.1, and 1.5 wt%) of the h-BN-TiO2 nanocomposite. The results showed when the concentration of the h-BN-TiO2 nanocomposite was 1.1 wt%, the Compressive strength (CS) and Vicker hardness (VHN) were 80.2% and 149.65% higher, respectively, compared to the glass ionomer cement without any h-BN-TiO2 nanocomposite. Also, the increase in the concentration of the h-BN-TiO2 nanocomposite led to a decrease in both the coefficient of friction (COF) and solubility, but a 93.4% increase in the antibacterial properties of the glass ionomer cement composites. The cell survival rate of each group was more than 70% after 48 h, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Therefore, the h-BN-TiO2 nanocomposite served as a reinforcing material for glass ionomer cement, which can be useful in clinical dentistry and provide a new strategy for improving the clinical utility of glass ionomer cement.

Incorporation of Nanomaterials in Glass Ionomer Cements—Recent Developments and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review

“…Ma et al [ 95 ] presented the synthesis of a hexagonal boron nitride/TiO 2 nanocomposite—obtained by mixing exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets and freshly synthesized TiO 2 nanoparticles—and the incorporation of the nanocomposite in the base powder, followed by the development of modified GIC using different concentrations of nanocomposites (0.3–1.5%). Evaluation of the results led to the proposal that the modified GIC with 1.1% nanocomposite was the material with the highest increase in surface hardness (149.65%) and compressive strength (80.2%) compared with the control (unmodified GIC).…”

The effect of boron addition on the prosthetic dental materials: A review

“…Nonetheless, GIC suffers from certain drawbacks, such as an initial dehydration and high swelling rates, which negatively impact its mechanical and antibacterial properties, thereby limiting its effectiveness [24] . In a specific study, Ma et al (2022) [24] , explored the potential synergy between h-BN and titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, combining their remarkable mechanical properties and inherent antibacterial activity. Afterwards, the h-BN-TiO2 nanocomposite was synthesized and incorporated into GIC in a specific ratio (h-BN-TiO2/GIC).…”

“…The study's findings suggest that the proposed method for enhancing the performance of GIC could lead to the development of new and improved materials for dental use. It is important to continue experimenting and testing these materials to ensure their safety and effectiveness in various applications [24] . Table 3 contains a list of the commanly used boron compounds reporting antimicrobial/ antibacterial properties of dental materials.…”

Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties of Boron Nitride/Methacrylic Acid Quaternary Ammonium Composites Reinforced Dental Flowable Resins

“…BNN/Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanocomposites have been found to significantly improve the mechanical strength and antimicrobial activity of dental flowable resin and glass ionomer cement in previous research. 20,21 BNN and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were self-assembled and were incorporated into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). This results in a 56.7% increase in flexural strength and a 53.5% increase in compressive strength.…”

“…In comparison to carbon-based nanostructures, hexagonal Boron Nitride nanosheets offer superior chemical stability, unique mechanical properties, and aesthetics, while also being effective reinforcement materials. BNN/Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanocomposites have been found to significantly improve the mechanical strength and antimicrobial activity of dental flowable resin and glass ionomer cement in previous research. , BNN and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were self-assembled and were incorporated into poly­(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). This results in a 56.7% increase in flexural strength and a 53.5% increase in compressive strength …”