Mechanical and biological response of (CeO2+La2O3)-substituted 45S5 bioactive glasses for biomedical application

Cerium Containing Bioactive Glasses: A Review

“… 81 , 116 Remarkably, all the BGs investigated show little 93 , 115 or no 83 , 96 , 111 , 126 , 127 , 129 effect on cell viability and are cytotoxic regardless of the amount of cerium in the glass composition; 81 , 116 , 128 in some instances, the amount of cerium in the glass composition increases the biocompatibility of the materials. 93 , 115 , 128 , 129 At very long (14 days) culture times, cell viability is reported to decrease, and BGs with a higher amount of cerium show better cytocompatibility. 126 Conversely, when H 2 O 2 is added to the culture medium to simulate conditions of oxidative stress, the presence of cerium has a marked positive effect on cell viability, consistent with the antioxidant properties of Ce-BGs.…”

“…In vitro studies have been carried out on BGs of different types, namely, 45S5, 55 , 90 − 94 Kokubo glass (N25C25S50, hereafter abbreviated as K50S), 92 , 95 , 96 MBGs, 74 , 81 , 85 , 93 , 97 − 102 13-93, 103 − 105 and other BGs 106 − 111 doped with different amounts of cerium and synthesized by melt-quenching, 54 , 55 , 91 − 93 , 96 , 106 , 108 − 110 , 112 , 113 sol–gel, 100 , 103 , 105 , 107 , 111 , 114 , 115 and sol–gel EISA 72 , 80 , 81 , 97 − 99 , 101 , 102 , 116 methods.…”

“…The cell lines selected for these assays are then typically chosen to model the response likely observed in vivo upon the surgical implant of BGs. 122 , 124 Accordingly, the cell types commonly employed to assess the cytocompatibility of BGs have a role in wound healing (fibroblasts), 81 , 93 , 115 , 125 , 126 bone structure (osteocytes), 96 , 127 , 128 and bone maintenance and formation (osteoclasts and osteoblasts). 108 , 111 , 116 , 129 As cell cultures are sensitive to changes in variables such as temperature, pH, and nutrient concentration, careful control of the experimental conditions is crucial in correlating cell death to toxicity of the biomaterial rather than to changes in the culture conditions.…”

“…Direct cytocompatibility has been assessed by a range of assays, including MTT, 83 , 93 , 111 , 115 , 125 , 126 , 129 , 131 alamarBlue, 116 and neutral red (NR) 96 , 127 , 128 for cell viability, bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) for cell proliferation, 96 , 127 and LDH activity for cytotoxicity. 81 , 116 Remarkably, all the BGs investigated show little 93 , 115 or no 83 , 96 , 111 , 126 , 127 , 129 effect on cell viability and are cytotoxic regardless of the amount of cerium in the glass composition; 81 , 116 , 128 in some instances, the amount of cerium in the glass composition increases the biocompatibility of the materials. 93 , 115 , 128 , 129 At very long (14 days) culture times, cell viability is reported to decrease, and BGs with a higher amount of cerium show better cytocompatibility.…”

Structural role of Nd2O3 as a dopant material in modified borate glasses and glass ceramics

“…A family of rare earth (RE) elements is considered between the elements of the lanthanide group which shows pronounced biological activity as they are capable of replacing Ca 2+ in investigated glass matrix [1][2]. Most of the recent studies have concentrated on enhancing the bioactivity of glass materials by the effect of RE ions [3][4][5][6][7][8]. These advances include the preparation of special glass materials, or the introduction of certain useful elements in the matrix of the simple glass materials [9].…”