Mechanical aspects of thrust faulting driven by far-field compression and their implications for fold geometry

Sanz, Pablo; Borja, Ronaldo I.; Pollard, David D.

doi:10.1007/s11440-007-0025-0

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 81 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[7] Abundant outcrops at SMA have motivated numerous structural studies focusing on fault-related folding [Forster et al, 1996;Hennier and Spang, 1983;Sanz et al, 2007;Savage and Cooke, 2004;Stanton and Erslev, 2004] and fold-related fracturing [Allwardt et al, 2007;Bellahsen et al, 2006aBellahsen et al, , 2006bHarris et al, 1960;Johnson et al, 1965;Sanz et al, 2008;Savage et al, 2010]. SMA is a northwest-southeast trending, doubly plunging, asymmetric, basement-cored fold (Figures 1 and 2).…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fold geometry at Sheep Mountain anticline, Wyoming, constructed using airborne laser swath mapping data, outcrop‐scale geologic mapping, and numerical interpolation

Lovely¹,

Zahasky²,

Pollard³

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

[1] Constraints available at the Earth's surface on the geometry of geologic folds often are discontinuous, consisting of scattered bedding surface outcrops representing the position and orientation of different stratigraphic surfaces. For this reason, characterization of fold geometry from surface data, by methods such as sequential balanced cross sections, remains a subjective and interpretive process. We present a new method for modeling the geometry of kilometer-scale folds using dense, precise topographic data available from airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM), outcrop-scale geologic mapping, and a reproducible numerical interpolation method that is free of subjectivity. Geologic mapping at Sheep Mountain anticline, Wyoming, enables the association of hundreds of thousands of ALSM data points with 14 weathering-resistant bedding surfaces from seven different stratigraphic units ranging in age from Mississippian to Cretaceous. These data, supplemented by several hundred strike and dip measurements constraining local orientation of folded strata, are projected to the stratigraphic position of a single surface and used as constraint for a smoothed minimum curvature spline interpolation to generate a continuous representation of fold geometry. Both strengths and weaknesses of the new method are discussed in the context of comparison between the new surface model and an existing model constructed by traditional methods.Citation: Lovely, P., C. Zahasky, and D. D. Pollard (2010), Fold geometry at Sheep Mountain anticline, Wyoming, constructed using airborne laser swath mapping data, outcrop-scale geologic mapping, and numerical interpolation,

show abstract

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fold geometry at Sheep Mountain anticline, Wyoming, constructed using airborne laser swath mapping data, outcrop‐scale geologic mapping, and numerical interpolation

Lovely¹,

Zahasky²,

Pollard³

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The final example is a 'miniature' version of the kilometer-scale model presented by Sanz et al [46] for faulting and folding processes in geological structure. In the present example we considered a 1m×0.5 m rectangular block with a curved frictional crack defined by 4900 CST elements and 2556 nodes shown in Figure 16.…”

Section: Curved Crack Under Compressive Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Foster et al [21] used strong discontinuity analysis based on the assumed enhanced strain formulation and attributed the occurrence of bulk plasticity on the sliding part of a fault to locking induced by the more constrained kinematics in a curved fault. Sanz et al [46,47] utilized large deformation contact mechanics to infer the occurrence of plasticity and strain localization around the fault tip underneath an asymmetric anticline as well as to regions much farther away in front of the fault tip.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An extended finite element framework for slow‐rate frictional faulting with bulk plasticity and variable friction

Liu

Borja

2009

Num Anal Meth Geomechanics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYWe present an extended finite element (FE) approach for the simulation of slow-rate frictional faulting in geologic media incorporating bulk plasticity and variable friction. The method allows the fault to pass through the interior of FEs without remeshing. The extended FE algorithm for frictional faulting, advocated in two recent articles, emanates from a variational equation formulated in terms of the relative displacement on the fault. In the present paper we consider the combined effects of bulk plasticity and variable friction in a two-dimensional plane strain setting. Bulk plasticity is localized to the fault tip and could potentially be used as a predictor for the initiation and propagation of new faults. We utilize a variable velocity-and state-dependent friction, known as the Dieterich-Ruina or 'slowness' law, formulated in a slip-weakening format. The slip-weakening/variable friction model is then time-integrated according to the generalized trapezoidal rule. We present numerical examples demonstrating the convergence properties of a global Newton-based iterative scheme, as well as illustrate some interesting properties of the variable friction model.

show abstract

“…We follow the developments of nonlinear contact mechanics to address finite deformation frictional contact, see [29,46]. For completeness, we outline the developments below in both rate and incremental forms.…”

Section: Frictional Contact Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Splay faulting in subduction zones is influenced by the stresses induced by tectonic compression and the kilometer-scale deformation occurring in these zones [22][23][24][25]. Large deformation effects could also explain the anomalous patterns of compaction bands observed in many geologic formations [26][27][28], as well as provide insights into the shape of surface folds observed in these formations [29]. In engineering applications, large deformation is a central issue in delamination [30], metal and polymer extrusions [31][32][33], and forming of ductile metal sheets [34,35].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite deformation formulation for embedded frictional crack with the extended finite element method

Liu¹,

Borja²

2009

Numerical Meth Engineering

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYWe reformulate an extended finite element (FE) framework for embedded frictional cracks in elastoplastic solids to accommodate finite deformation, including finite stretching and rotation. For the FE representation, we consider a Galerkin approximation in which both the trial and weighting functions adapt to the current contact configuration. Contact and frictional constraints employ two Kuhn-Tucker conditions, a contact/separation constraint nesting over a stick/slip constraint for the case when the crack faces are in frictional sliding mode. We integrate finite deformation bulk plasticity into the formulation using the multiplicative decomposition technique of nonlinear continuum mechanics. We then present plane strain simulations demonstrating various aspects of the extended FE solutions. The mechanisms considered include combined opening and frictional sliding in initially straight, curved, and S-shaped cracks, with and without bulk plasticity. To gain further insight into the extended FE solutions, we perform mesh convergence studies focusing on both the global and the local responses of structures with cracks, including the distribution of the normal component of traction on the crack faces.

show abstract

Mechanical aspects of thrust faulting driven by far-field compression and their implications for fold geometry

Cited by 31 publications

References 81 publications

Fold geometry at Sheep Mountain anticline, Wyoming, constructed using airborne laser swath mapping data, outcrop‐scale geologic mapping, and numerical interpolation

Fold geometry at Sheep Mountain anticline, Wyoming, constructed using airborne laser swath mapping data, outcrop‐scale geologic mapping, and numerical interpolation

An extended finite element framework for slow‐rate frictional faulting with bulk plasticity and variable friction

Finite deformation formulation for embedded frictional crack with the extended finite element method

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About