Mechanical influence of tissue culture plates and extracellular matrix on mesenchymal stem cell behavior: A topical review

Abstract

Tissue engineering applications need a continuous development of new biomaterials able to generate an ideal cellextracellular matrix interaction. The stem cell fate is regulated by several factors, such as growth factors or transcription factors. The most recent literature has reported several publications able to demonstrate that environmental factors also contribute to the regulation of stem cell behavior, leading to the opinion that the environment plays the major role in the cell differentiation.The interaction between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and extracellular environment has been widely described, and it has a crucial role in regulating the cell phenotype. In our laboratory (Tecnologica Research Institute, Crotone, Italy), we have recently studied how several physical factors influence the distribution and the morphology of MSCs isolated from dental pulp, and how they are able to regulate stem cell differentiation. Mechanical and geometrical factors are only a small part of the environmental factors able to influence stem cell behavior, however, this influence should be properly known: in fact, this assumption must be clearly considered during those studies involving MSCs; furthermore, these interactions should be considered as an important bias that involves an high number of studies on the MSCs, since in worldwide laboratories the scientists mostly use tissue culture plates for their experiments.

Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Bone Regenerative Medicine: What Is the Evidence?

“…The extracellular environment can regulate the fate of MSCs via exposing them to various chemical, physical, and mechanical signals [Tatullo et al, 2016]. In order to mimic the natural transport and biomechanical conditions in human/animal bodies, MSCs may be cultured within a dynamic 3D environment such as conventional bioreactors [Rauh et al, 2011;Yeatts and Fisher, 2011].…”

Biomechanical Behaviour of a Jawbone Loaded With a Prosthetic System Supported by Monophasic and Biphasic Implants

“…Moreover, the stress distribution on the mandibular ridge appears more uniform in case A, compared to the case B. It's important to underline that the bone modification is a physiological process that combines the osteogenesis and the bone remodelling (13)(14)(15). In such cases where a guided bone regeneration is needed, the bone regeneration can be improved by using platelets concentrates (16,17), new generation of biomaterials, new surgical techniques (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) or innovative devices.…”

Metals Used in Maxillofacial Surgery

“…The success of titanium in maxillofacial surgery is certainly due to its biological and mechanical properties (30). In fact, has been widely reported as biomaterials such titanium are able to support the bone growth (31), as their mechanical properties are similar to bone tissue (32,33). Titanium is an inert, non corrosive and malleable metal.…”