Mechanical Properties of Polymer–Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Films: Role of Nanomorphology of Composite Films

Kim, Jae-Han; Noh, Jonghyeon; Choi, Hyunsu; Lee, Jung‐Yong; Kim, Taek‐Soo

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b00184

Cited by 53 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Another method to evaluate the modulus of thin films is the FOW method, which is similar to the conventional pull test; but rather than stretching the freestanding film in air, they are suspended on water . In a recent report, Rodriquez et al used this method to determine the mechanical properties of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films as a function of M n .…”

Section: Methods For Characterizing Thin Film Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fracture mechanism and SEM images of fractured surface of 1:1.5 PTB7:PCBM BHJ films for films g) without and h) with 3 wt% of DIO additive (scale bar: 200 nm). Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society.…”

Section: Postpolymerization Modification: Optimizing Mechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decrease in modulus and suppression of large crystalline domains should improve the extensibility of the devices. However, recently Kim et al obtained opposite results when adding 3 wt% DIO to PTB7:PCBM BHJ blends . Utilizing their FOW setup the tensile properties and fracture mechanism of the BHJ blend films were investigated as a function of PCBM content and DIO additive.…”

Section: Postpolymerization Modification: Optimizing Mechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Stretchable Polymer Semiconductors for Plastic Electronics

Wang

Gasperini

Bao

2018

Adv Elect Materials

191

198

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More recently, there is a shift in research focus to exploiting the mechanical deformability of conjugated polymers due to the rapidly growing demand for wearable and implantable devices. [35][36][37][38][39] Since human bodies and organs are soft, curved, and constantly moving, flexible and stretchable devices are essential for comfort conformability, precise measurement, and longevity of bioelectronics such as medical implants, wearable biosensors, and prosthesis. [40,41] Currently, this has been achieved utilizing geometric approaches such as metallic serpentine or Kirigami interconnects [41][42][43] and induced buckling [44][45][46] to impart stretchability on rigid silicon-based devices. However, next-generation wearable and implantable electronics will benefit from intrinsic stretchability and unique biological properties such as self-healing and biodegradability for high-density and biocompatible devices. Conjugated polymers are attractive candidates to this end for several reasons: They have relatively low tensile modulus (≈1 GPa or lower)compared to that of silicon and inorganic semiconductors (≈100 GPa), which provides a softer interface suitable for bioelectronics. 2. Polymers possess great potential in incorporation of tough, elastic, and self-healing properties via molecular design, polymer chain entanglement, cross-links, and noncovalent interactions. Most biological tissues are also polymeric in nature. 3. With the advancements in organic chemistry, polymer chemical structures are highly tunable, hence biocompatible and biodegradable if desired. [47] 4. Polymers can be designed to be solution processable which allows them to be printed and patterned over large areas. [48][49][50][51][52] However, the major challenge faced in developing such polymers lies in maintaining good electrical and mechanical properties simultaneously. Due to the extended π-conjugation of the polymer backbone that is vital for good electronic properties, semiconducting polymers are often rigid and semicrystalline. For TFT application, semiconductor design usually aims to achieve highly crystalline morphology to obtain high charge carrier mobility.Conjugated polymers have evolved significantly in the past decade and have proven to be more than poorly conducting plastics. Instead, improved understanding has resulted in respectable charge-carrier mobilities and power-conversion efficiencies achieved by various donor-acceptor-type semiconducting polymers. However, their advantages in mechanical flexibility and deformability seem to have conflicting molecular design requirements from those for high charge-carrier transporting properties. It is therefore a challenge to enhance the mechanical compliance of semiconducting polymers suitable for stretchable device applications. This progress report starts with a brief introduction to fracture mechanics and mechanical characterization techniques for thin polymer films, in order to consider the limitations and rationalization of current definition and parameters for stretchability. It t...

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Section: Methods For Characterizing Thin Film Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Postpolymerization Modification: Optimizing Mechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Postpolymerization Modification: Optimizing Mechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Stretchable Polymer Semiconductors for Plastic Electronics

Wang

Gasperini

Bao

2018

Adv Elect Materials

191

198

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show abstract

“…For example, OSCs used as wearable electronics should be able to withstand tensile strain of at least 20–30% . Several reviews have been published on the development of the mechanical property of OSCs, indicating that acceptor type, length of the alkyl side‐chain of polymer, polymer molecular weight, and additive will have an effect on the mechanical property of the device, which provide guidelines for the co‐optimization of both mechanical and photovoltaic properties . The molecular weight information of PTB7‐Th and N2200 is shown in Figure S9, Supporting Information.…”

Section: Detailed Photovoltaic Parameters Of Blade‐coated Oscs Under mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential Blade‐Coated Acceptor and Donor Enables Simultaneous Enhancement of Efficiency, Stability, and Mechanical Properties for Organic Solar Cells

Wang

Zhu

Naveed

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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As a predominant fabrication method of organic solar cells (OSCs), casting of a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure presents overwhelming advantages for achieving higher power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, long‐term stability and mechanical strength are significantly crucial to realize large‐area and flexible devices. Here, controlling blend film morphology is considered as an effective way toward co‐optimizing device performance, stability, and mechanical properties. A PCE of 12.27% for a P‐i‐N‐structured OSC processed by sequential blade casting (SBC) is reported. The device not only outperforms the as‐cast BHJ devices (11.01%), but also shows impressive stability and mechanical properties. The authors corroborate such enhancements with improved vertical phase separation and purer phases toward more efficient transport and collection of charges. Moreover, adaptation of SBC strategy here will result in thermodynamically favorable nanostructures toward more stable film morphology, and thus improving the stability and mechanical properties of the devices. Such co‐optimization of OSCs will pave ways toward realizing the highly efficient, large‐area, flexible devices for future endeavors.

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“…Recently, Kim et al enhanced and tuned the mechanical properties of the PTB7:PC 71 BM BHJ films through different composition mixing ratios and addition of 1,8‐diiodoctane (DIO) as additive. [ 142 ] Interestingly, with PC 71 BM content above 50%, the addition of DIO increased the tensile strength and decreased the crack onset strain compared to the films without DIO (Figure 7d). Usually, DIO has been used as an additive to tune the morphology, improving the power efficiency of the films.…”

Section: Stretchable Organic Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Flexible and Stretchable Organic Solar Cells

Qin

Lan

Chen

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

161

124

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Flexible and stretchable organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted enormous attention due to their potential applications in wearable and portable devices. To achieve flexibility and stretchability, many efforts have been made with regard to mechanically robust electrodes, interface layers, and photoactive semiconductors. This has greatly improved the performance of the devices. State‐of‐the‐art flexible and stretchable OSCs have achieved a power conversion efficiency of 15.21% (16.55% for tandem flexible devices) and 13%, respectively. Here, the recent progress of flexible and stretchable OSCs in terms of their components and processing methods are summarized and discussed. The future challenges and perspectives for flexible and stretchable OSCs are also presented.

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Mechanical Properties of Polymer–Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Films: Role of Nanomorphology of Composite Films

Cited by 53 publications

References 49 publications

Stretchable Polymer Semiconductors for Plastic Electronics

Stretchable Polymer Semiconductors for Plastic Electronics

Sequential Blade‐Coated Acceptor and Donor Enables Simultaneous Enhancement of Efficiency, Stability, and Mechanical Properties for Organic Solar Cells

Recent Progress in Flexible and Stretchable Organic Solar Cells

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