Mechanical, Structural, and Biological Properties of Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite/Silica Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering

Abstract

The aim of this work was to fabricate novel bioactive composites based on chitosan and non-organic silica, reinforced with calcium β-glycerophosphate (Ca-GP), sodium β-glycerophosphate pentahydrate (Na-GP), and hydroxyapatite powder (HAp) in a range of concentrations using the sol–gel method. The effect of HAp, Na-GP, and Ca-GP contents on the mechanical properties, i.e., Young’s modulus, compressive strength, and yield strain, of hybrid composites was analyzed. The microstructure of the materials obtained was visualized by SEM. Moreover, the molecular interactions according to FTIR analysis and biocompatibility of composites obtained were examined. The CS/Si/HAp/Ca-GP developed from all composites analyzed was characterized by the well-developed surface of pores of two sizes: large ones of 100 μm and many smaller pores below 10 µm, the behavior of which positively influenced cell proliferation and growth, as well as compressive strength in a range of 0.3 to 10 MPa, Young’s modulus from 5.2 to 100 MPa, and volumetric shrinkage below 60%. This proved to be a promising composite for applications in tissue engineering, e.g., filling small bone defects.

Hydroxyapatite Obtained via the Wet Precipitation Method and PVP/PVA Matrix as Components of Polymer-Ceramic Composites for Biomedical Applications

“…In turn, scaffolds containing non-organic silica, chitosan and hydroxyapatite were obtained and characterized by Adamski and Siuta. They proved the high porosity of prepared materials, non-toxicity towards fibroblasts and the density comparable to the density of natural bone [ 19 ]. Next, chitosan, hydroxyapatite and poly(vinyl alcohol) were used for synthesis of polymer-ceramic composites by Pineda-Castillo et al The materials were defined as adequate for colonization, differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts [ 20 ].…”

Sustainable Development of Chitosan/Calotropis procera-Based Hydrogels to Stimulate Formation of Granulation Tissue and Angiogenesis in Wound Healing Applications

“…Medical grade chitosan powder from chitin of crab shells was purchased from Daejung Chemical (Si-Heung, Korea). Degree of deacetylation (DD), viscosity (µ, 1% in 1% acetic acid, 20 °C), and viscosity average molecular weight (Mv) are equal to 82.6–87.5%, 351–750 mPas, and 310-375 kDa, respectively [ 41 ]. Calotropis procera plant extract was collected from plants located at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan (31.4278° N, 73.0758° E).…”

Fabrication of bioactive glass/phosphorylated chitosan composite scaffold and its effects on MC3T3-E1 cells

“…In summary, the higher the relative PCS content, the higher swelling rate was observed for the scaffold. [38]. To investigate the in vitro degradability of the scaffolds, they were immersed in a lysozyme solution (20 000 U ml −1 ) and incubated at 37 • C. The weight loss was calculated at various time points.…”