Mechanical Transmission of Turkey Coronavirus by Domestic Houseflies (Musca domestica Linnaeaus)

Calibeo-Hayes, Dawn; Denning, S.S.; Stringham, S. M.; Guy, James S.; Smith, Lynda G.; Watson, David

doi:10.1637/0005-2086(2003)047[0149:mtotcb]2.0.co;2

Cited by 61 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In a recent study, periodic monitoring of commercial turkey for enteric viruses has indicated continuous presence of astrovirus among healthy flocks (25). Otherwise, recent TCoV outbreak in North Carolina, a potential vector has been indicated responsible for spread the virus, since the incidence of infection increase during summer months, coinciding with increased fly populations (3). Besides, the outbreak observed in Wales and England in summer 2004 was probably occasioned by multi-age farms management, when the simple rescheduling of production resulted in a substantial reduction in number of affected birds (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological aspects of astrovirus and coronavirus in poults in the South Eastern Region of Brazil

Silva¹,

Bonetti²,

Petrocelli³

et al. 2009

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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A survey of Turkey Coronavirus (TCoV) and Astrovirus (TAstV-2) prevalence was carried out from February to December during 2006 year in semiarid region of Brazil, from a turkey producer area, localized in South Eastern of Brazil. To asses the risk factor related to clinical material, climatic condition and type of RT-PCR applied, cloacal swabs (CS), faeces, sera, bursa of Fabricius (BF), thymus (TH) and spleen (SP) and ileum-caeca region were collected from 30-day-old poults suffering of enteritis episode characterized as poult enteritis mortality syndrome (PEMS). The PEMS clinical features were characterized by watery to foamy faeces, light brown-yellow in colour and low mortality rate. Meteorological data (rainfall and relative humidity) observed during along the study presented monthly average temperature ranging from 39.3 and 31.2ºC, precipitation in rainy season from 40 to 270.3 mm/month, and no rain during dry season. Simplex RT-PCR gave odds ratio (OR) values suggesting that ileum-caeca region is at higher chance (OR=1.9; p=0.9741) to have both viral RNA than faeces (OR=1.5; p=0.7319). However, multiplex RT-PCR showed 3.98 (p=0.89982) more chance to give positive results in faeces than CS at dry season. The major risk factors seem to be low rate of humidity and high temperatures at winter, probably responsible for spread, easily, the TCoV and TAstv-2 among the flocks. The positive results of both virus suggested that they can play an important role in enteric disorders, associated to low humidity and high temperatures frequently found in tropical countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological aspects of astrovirus and coronavirus in poults in the South Eastern Region of Brazil

Silva¹,

Bonetti²,

Petrocelli³

et al. 2009

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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“…Different microbial pathogens can reside in the fly alimentary tract (4,7,9,12,32). Greenberg et al (9) showed that Salmonella serovar Typhimurium fed to flies will reside and multiply in the fly gut.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Enteritidis from Houseflies (Musca domestica) Found in Rooms ContainingSalmonellaSerovar Enteritidis-Challenged Hens

Holt

Geden

Moore

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

109

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Houseflies (Musca domestica) released into rooms containing hens challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (Salmonella serovar Enteritidis) rapidly became contaminated with Salmonella serovar Enteritidis. Forty to 50% of the flies were contaminated at 48 h, and the percentage increased to 50 to 70% at 4 and 7 days postexposure and then decreased to 30% at day 15. Initial attempts at recovering surface organisms for culture using an aqueous rinse were largely unsuccessful, while cultures of internal contents readily recovered Salmonella serovar Enteritidis. However, when 0.5% detergent was incorporated into the rinse, high recovery levels of bacteria were observed from both external and internal culture regimens, indicating equal distribution of the organism on and in the fly and a tighter interaction of the organism with the host than previously thought. Salmonella serovar Enteritidis was isolated routinely from the fly gut, on rare occasions from the crop, and never from the salivary gland. Feeding contaminated flies to hens resulted in gut colonization of a third of the birds, but release of contaminated flies in a room containing previously unchallenged hens failed to result in colonization of any of the subject birds. These results indicate that flies exposed to an environment containing Salmonella serovar Enteritidis can become colonized with the organism and might serve as a source for transmission of Salmonella serovar Enteritidis within a flock situation.

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“…Studies have shown that the microbiome of adult house flies is large (Gupta et al 2011) and that various pathogens may be stored in the crop (Sasaki et al 2000, McGaughey andNayduch 2009), while others have implicated the crop as a major site for the pathogen storage and transmission process (Sasaki et al 2000, Calibeo-Hayes et al 2003. It also has been demon strated as a site where horizontal transmission of an timicrobial resistance takes place (Petridis et al 2006, Macovei andZurek 2006).…”

Section: Crop Contraction Rate and Its Effect On Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Crop Volume on Contraction Rate in Adult House Fly

Stoffolano

Patel

Tran

2014

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

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The functional aspects of the adult house fly crop have not been studied even though various human and domestic animal pathogens have been discovered within the crop lumen. The average volume consumed (midgut and crop) by flies starved for 24 h was 3.88 p.1 by feeding both sexes on a sucrose phosphate glutamate buffer. In addition, various volumes of a solution (0.125 M sucrose plus Amaranth dye) were fed to 3-d-old adult female house flies to quantify the crop contraction rate as affected by crop volume. As crop volume increased, the contraction rate increased until it reached a peak at 2 pi, after which it declined. It is hypothesized that the high contraction rate of the crop, which in house fly is almost twice the rate of three other fly species, is one of the factors that makes house fly an excellent vector. The mechanism for such a high contraction rate needs to be investigated.

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Mechanical Transmission of Turkey Coronavirus by Domestic Houseflies (Musca domestica Linnaeaus)

Cited by 61 publications

References 10 publications

Epidemiological aspects of astrovirus and coronavirus in poults in the South Eastern Region of Brazil

Epidemiological aspects of astrovirus and coronavirus in poults in the South Eastern Region of Brazil

Isolation ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Enteritidis from Houseflies (Musca domestica) Found in Rooms ContainingSalmonellaSerovar Enteritidis-Challenged Hens

Effect of Crop Volume on Contraction Rate in Adult House Fly

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