Mechanism of controlled release kinetics from medical devices

Abstract

-Utilization of biodegradable polymers for controlled drug delivery has gained immense attention in the pharmaceutical and medical device industry to administer various drugs, proteins and other biomolecules both systematically and locally to cure several diseases. The efficacy and toxicity of this local therapeutics depends upon drug release kinetics, which will further decide drug deposition, distribution, and retention at the target site. Drug Eluting Stent (DES) presently possesses clinical importance as an alternative to Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting due to the ease of the procedure and comparable safety and efficacy. Many models have been developed to describe the drug delivery from polymeric carriers based on the different mechanisms which control the release phenomenon from DES. Advanced characterization techniques facilitate an understanding of the complexities behind design and related drug release behavior of drug eluting stents, which aids in the development of improved future drug eluting systems. This review discusses different drug release mechanisms, engineering principles, mathematical models and current trends that are proposed for drug-polymer coated medical devices such as cardiovascular stents and different analytical methods currently utilized to probe diverse characteristics of drug eluting devices.

Comparison of Nanocomposite Film and Electrospun Nanocomposite Fibers Based on Poly (2-Hydroxy Ethyl Methacrylate) and Microcrystalline Cellulose as Anticancer Implants

“…In vitro release of paclitaxel from the nanocomposite fibers were due to steady diffusion mechanism [53] as reported earlier. The percentage cumulative paclitaxel release from nanocomposite fibers and nanocomposite film at the end of a 28-h period for 20 ppm paclitaxel formulation were found to be 74 AE 1.2% and 64 AE 1.2%, respectively, and hence could be used as anticancer implants for desired application.…”

Morphological and in vitro investigation of core–shell nanostructures of carvedilol using quality by design

“…Mathematical modelling of drug release delivers an understanding regarding mass transport and chemical processes involved in drug delivery system besides the influence of design parameters on drug release mechanism. Mathematical modelling is a systematic approach employed to optimize device design with predicted drug release profile with least number of experimental studies (Raval et al 2010). Release kinetics of nanocapsules were calculated by fitting the release profile data into zero order, first order, Higuchi model and Korsmeyer-Peppas model.…”

Host responses to a strontium releasing high boron glass using a rabbit bilateral femoral defect model

“…Control of Sr release is important as it has been shown to provide for key cellular interactions that induce bone formation and inhibit bone resorption . In this context, high borate glasses are interesting as they may permit optimization of resorption rates: an essential requirement to (i) minimize the time until bone healing, (ii) allow full replacement of the material with mature host bone, (iii) control the localized release of incorporated Sr and, (iv) sustain that release at a safe and effective dose for a predetermined period of time . Such objectives are congruent with the emerging philosophy, which aims to develop a new generation of instructive simplistic biomaterials, whose therapeutic goals are to accelerate regenerative processes in the simplest and most commercially effective way possible …”