Mechanism of Removing Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV) and Gold Particles Using Cuprammonium Regenerated Cellulose Hollow Fiber (i-BMM or BMM) from Aqueous Solution Containing Protein

Abstract

We intended to clarify the mechanism of virus removal in aqueous protein solution and human plasma solution through conventional and high performance regenerated cellulose hollow fiber (i.e., BMM and i-BMM). We employed Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) as a typical virus. Two kinds of disperse gold particles (GP) with different size were represented as model particles of a virus and protein particles. We investigated the filtration characteristics concerning removability of GP and JEV (<l'. and <Pv, respectively) and the frequency distribution of GP and JEV within the walls of hollow fibers using a transmission electron microscope. The results were that (!) <P• depended on the particle size, (2) the maximum population of captured GP moved to the outer wall with increase in challenge number, (3) i-BMM showed higher <P• and <Pv than those of BMM. (4) Both <P• and <Pv depend on the concentration of protein and total volume filtered. (5) The effects of coexistence of proteins on <P• and <Pv are classified as initial change in the pore structure and local concentration of proteins in the pores (expressed as <P.0) and subsequent change in the pore structure with filtration volume (<p.0). These indicate that JEV and GP under the coexistence of protein are caught by BMM and i-BMM mainly through a sieving mechanism.

Normal‐flow virus filtration: detection and assessment of the endpoint in bioprocessing

“…Past experimental observations have reported the phenomenon of virus breakthrough as a function of litres of filtrate/m 2 of filter area for a number of filters: Asahi Planova I‐BMM and Pall DV20 [11,12]. The present paper demonstrates for the first time that flux decline is a unifying parameter characterizing breakthrough.…”

“…The primary aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the process parameters that affect virus retention and ultimately to develop a scientific foundation for validation of virus filters. Previous studies with virus filters suggested that virus retention as well as liquid flow declines over the course of a filtration run [10,11]. Since two liquid flow‐related variables are changing over the course of filtration (the volume processed and the flow rate), initial work focused on understanding which of these parameters is more closely associated with virus retention.…”

Use of confocal scanning laser microscopy to study virus retention during virus filtration

“…Several recent studies have reported a significant decline in virus retention during the course of filtration through different parvovirus filters [2][3][4][5][6]. The underlying mechanisms controlling this loss of virus retention are still not well understood.…”

Dextran sieving test for characterization of virus filtration membranes

“…(7). The Peclet number describes the relative importance of convective and diffusive solute transport through the membrane:…”

“…In addition to non-destructive integrity tests, virus filters are also characterized by measuring the retention of model viruses [5], bacteriophage [6], or gold nanoparticles [7]. All of these methods are focused on providing information on the largest pores in the membrane, i.e., the pores that are most likely to compromise the virus retention characteristics of the filter.…”