Mechanisms of angiogenesis and their use in the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis

Saaristo, Anne; Kärpänen, Terhi; Alitalo, Kari

doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203969

Cited by 237 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…It has long been established that tumor growth and metastasis require new blood vessel growth. 49,50 It has been suggested that statins, specifically simvastatin, activate protein kinase Akt in the endothelium, leading to increased nitric oxide release. 45,48 This, in turn, increases angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl conenzyme A inhibitor use and breast carcinoma risk among postmenopausal women

Boudreau

Gardner

Malone

et al. 2004

Cancer

108

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BACKGROUNDStatin use has increased dramatically in the U.S. in the past decade. Animal and mechanistic studies suggested that statins may have an inhibitory effect on cancer proliferation, including breast carcinoma. However, statins have been found to be carcinogenic in rodents and one clinical trial found an excess of breast carcinoma cases in the treatment group.METHODSThe current study assessed whether the use of statins altered the risk of breast carcinoma in older women. The population‐based, case–control study comprised female residents from three western Washington State counties. Cases included 975 women identified from the Cancer Surveillance System who were diagnosed with primary invasive breast carcinoma between 1997–1999, whose names appeared on a list of Social Security recipients provided by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. The cases were ages 65–79 years at the time of diagnosis. The comparison group was comprised of 1007 women without breast carcinoma who were randomly selected from the same list of Social Security recipients. Information pertaining to statin use, medical history, and health behaviors was ascertained through an in‐person interview.RESULTSCompared with nonusers, women who were currently using statins or had ever used statins were not found to be at an increased risk for breast carcinoma (odds ratios [OR] = 0.9; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.7–1.2). There was some indication that long‐term statin use (> 5 years) was related to a slight decrease in breast carcinoma risk (OR = 0.7; 95% CI, 0.4–1.0).CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study provided some degree of reassurance to the increasing numbers of women using statins that such use is not associated with an increased risk of breast carcinoma. Although the data gave some support to a reduced risk of breast carcinoma among long‐term users of statins, further research is needed to confirm this association. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl conenzyme A inhibitor use and breast carcinoma risk among postmenopausal women

Boudreau

Gardner

Malone

et al. 2004

Cancer

108

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“…Tumor cells are often exposed to hypoxia and nutrient deprivation because of excessive oxygen and nutrient demands, and insufficient vascularization (Sutherland, 1988;Helmlinger et al, 1997;Brown and Giaccia, 1998;Dang and Semenza, 1999;Hockel et al, 1999), and the hypoxic and metabolic stress triggers signal transduction and gene expression that results in synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other angiogenic factors, leading to neovascularization and tumor growth, as well as a greater potential for tumor invasion and metastasis (Holash et al, 1999;Rofstad and Danielsen, 1999;Saaristo et al, 2000). That is why angiogenesis is considered to be the key step in tumor progression and anti-angiogenesis has been proposed to be the most promising strategy for cancer therapy (Folkman, 1995;Barinaga, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical roles of AMP-activated protein kinase in constitutive tolerance of cancer cells to nutrient deprivation and tumor formation

et al. 2002

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“…4). This angiogenesis process requires many interactions that must be tightly regulated in a spatial and temporal manner (Carmeliet, 2000;Carmeliet and Jain, 2000;Saaristo et al, 2000;Liekens et al, 2001).…”

Section: Neoangiogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial cell functions

Michiels

2003

Journal Cellular Physiology

622

429

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Endothelial cells play a wide variety of critical roles in the control of vascular function. Indeed, since the early 1980s, the accumulating knowledge of the endothelial cell structure as well as of the functional properties of the endothelial cells shifted their role from a passive membrane or barrier to a complex tissue with complex functions adaptable to needs specific in time and location. Hence, it participates to all aspects of the vascular homeostasis but also to physiological or pathological processes like thrombosis, inflammation, or vascular wall remodeling. Some of the most important endothelial functions will be described in the following review and more specifically, their role in blood vessel formation, in coagulation and fibribolysis, in the regulation of vascular tone as well as their participation in inflammatory reactions and in tumor neoangiogenesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 196: 430–443, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Mechanisms of angiogenesis and their use in the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis

Cited by 237 publications

References 100 publications

The association between 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl conenzyme A inhibitor use and breast carcinoma risk among postmenopausal women

The association between 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl conenzyme A inhibitor use and breast carcinoma risk among postmenopausal women

Critical roles of AMP-activated protein kinase in constitutive tolerance of cancer cells to nutrient deprivation and tumor formation

Endothelial cell functions

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