Mechanisms of changes in human hemodynamics under the conditions of microgravity and prognosis of postflight orthostatic stability

Fomina, G; Kotovskaya, A. R.; Pochuev, V. I.; Zhernavkov, A. F.

doi:10.1134/s0362119708030122

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In general, these systems constitute an aggregate of adaptive reactions involving all the functional systems and tissues of the organism. The principle effects of spaceflight factors include: Energy imbalance - when the body’s energy expenditure is not reimbursed by the incoming food, which imposes serious consequences for many physical processes 2 – 4 Negative balance of water and calcium 5 , 6 , although sodium balance is possibly positive 7 , 8 Demineralization and modification of bone structure 9 Ineffective thermal regulation 10 , 11 Shifts in biorhythms of heat production, hormonal secretion, and cardiac function 12 – 14 Re-structuring of the vasomotion control 15 and dysfunction of the vascular endothelium 16 Muscular hypotrophy 17 – 19 , loss in tone and deterioration of force-velocity properties 20 , 21 Functional differentiation of the sensory systems and consequent disorders in motor control 21 , 22 Modification of pulmonary volumes, respiration biomechanics and chemoreceptor regulation 23 , 24 Immune system dysfunction 25 – 27 Spaceflight anemia 28 . …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein expression changes caused by spaceflight as measured for 18 Russian cosmonauts

Ларина

Percy

Yang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The effects of spaceflight on human physiology is an increasingly studied field, yet the molecular mechanisms driving physiological changes remain unknown. With that in mind, this study was performed to obtain a deeper understanding of changes to the human proteome during space travel, by quantitating a panel of 125 proteins in the blood plasma of 18 Russian cosmonauts who had conducted long-duration missions to the International Space Station. The panel of labeled prototypic tryptic peptides from these proteins covered a concentration range of more than 5 orders of magnitude in human plasma. Quantitation was achieved by a well-established and highly-regarded targeted mass spectrometry approach involving multiple reaction monitoring in conjunction with stable isotope-labeled standards. Linear discriminant function analysis of the quantitative results revealed three distinct groups of proteins: 1) proteins with post-flight protein concentrations remaining stable, 2) proteins whose concentrations recovered slowly, or 3) proteins whose concentrations recovered rapidly to their pre-flight levels. Using a systems biology approach, nearly all of the reacting proteins could be linked to pathways that regulate the activities of proteases, natural immunity, lipid metabolism, coagulation cascades, or extracellular matrix metabolism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein expression changes caused by spaceflight as measured for 18 Russian cosmonauts

Ларина

Percy

Yang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Clinical studies have been conducted to confirm the effects of systemic vibration exercises on bone health during spaceflight 33 . This type of training is effective in preventing bone and muscle atrophy 34 , 35 and is recommended not only during space missions but also before and after space travel to maintain astronauts’ health. Stimulation provides mechanical and neural signals, that positively affect neuromuscular connections 26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical analysis of blood flow in the abdominal aorta under simulated weightlessness and earth conditions

Żyłka,

Górski,

Żyłka

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Blood flow through the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries is a crucial area of research in hemodynamics and cardiovascular diseases. To get in to the problem, this study presents detailed analyses of blood flow through the abdominal aorta, together with left and right iliac arteries, under Earth gravity and weightless conditions, both at the rest stage, and during physical activity. The analysis were conducted using ANSYS Fluent software. The results indicate, that there is significantly less variation in blood flow velocity under weightless conditions, compared to measurement taken under Earth Gravity conditions. Study presents, that the maximum and minimum blood flow velocities decrease and increase, respectively, under weightless conditions. Our model for the left iliac artery revealed higher blood flow velocities during the peak of the systolic phase (systole) and lower velocities during the early diastolic phase (diastole). Furthermore, we analyzed the shear stress of the vessel wall and the mean shear stress over time. Additionally, the distribution of oscillatory shear rate, commonly used in hemodynamic analyses, was examined to assess the effects of blood flow on the blood vessels. Countermeasures to mitigate the negative effects of weightlessness on astronauts health are discussed, including exercises performed on the equipment aboard the space station. These exercises aim to maintain optimal blood flow, prevent the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications.

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“…Another important change of the artery in weightlessness is the alteration of the arterial vascular tone. Reduction of the constrictive ability of large blood vessels of the lower extremities has been observed during spaceflight, which impairs the regulation of the artery and finally decreases the orthostatic stability [32]. It has been reported recently that the vascular tone of the lower-limb arteries of the astronauts is in decline after working and living in ISS What's more, the QT interval prolongation may increase the risk of torsades de pointes (TdP) that can result in myocardial repolarization disorder [24].…”

Section: Effects Of Weightlessness On Peripheral Vessels Lower Body Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of real and simulated weightlessness on the cardiac and peripheral vascular functions of humans: A review

Zhu

Wang²,

Liu³

2015

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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Weightlessness is an extreme environment that can cause a series of adaptive changes in the human body. Findings from real and simulated weightlessness indicate altered cardiovascular functions, such as reduction in left ventricular (LV) mass, cardiac arrhythmia, reduced vascular tone and so on. These alterations induced by weightlessness are detrimental to the health, safety and working performance of the astronauts, therefore it is important to study the effects of weightlessness on the cardiovascular functions of humans. The cardiovascular functional alterations caused by weightlessness (including long-term spaceflight and simulated weightlessness) are briefly reviewed in terms of the cardiac and peripheral vascular functions. The alterations include: changes of shape and mass of the heart; cardiac function alterations; the cardiac arrhythmia; lower body vascular regulation and upper body vascular regulation. A series of conclusions are reported, some of which are analyzed, and a few potential directions are presented.

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Mechanisms of changes in human hemodynamics under the conditions of microgravity and prognosis of postflight orthostatic stability

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Protein expression changes caused by spaceflight as measured for 18 Russian cosmonauts

Protein expression changes caused by spaceflight as measured for 18 Russian cosmonauts

Numerical analysis of blood flow in the abdominal aorta under simulated weightlessness and earth conditions

Effects of real and simulated weightlessness on the cardiac and peripheral vascular functions of humans: A review

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