“…In this regard, two aspects are significant in increasing the antibacterial activity: the increase in surface area fraction of Ti 2 Cu to the total surface of the alloy and the improvement in the homogeneity of this phase in the whole microstructure. Therefore, any processes such as heat treatment, surface treatments, and aging procedures that augment the surface area fraction of Ti 2 Cu exert great influence on the antibacterial properties of the Ti–Cu implant [ 260 , 261 ].…”