The greater omentum is one organ that can accumulate a large amount of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue plays a key role in the local immune response and contains a population of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells. The greater omentum contains mainly white adipose tissue. White adipocytes usually have one large lipid droplet that occupies most of the cell and relatively few mitochondria. The primary function of the white fat of the greater omentum is to store and release energy in response to changes in systemic energy levels. In addition, white adipose tissue is an important endocrine organ that produces hormones and biologically active substances called adipokines and regulates many physiological processes.The aim of the work -summarize the existing scientific data on the morphofunctional features of adipose tissue of the greater omentum and its role in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes.Adipokines play important roles in regulating whole-body metabolism, including promoting insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Dysfunction of adipokines, lipokines and their ratio plays an important role in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are two diseases that in most cases share metabolic abnormalities; however, there are also differences. The development of obesity and associated metabolic disorders is facilitated by the plasticity of adipose tissue. According to some data, the growth of adipose tissue and changes in metabolic processes in it can be influenced by the level of vascularization of adipose tissue. However, recent studies show that in obese patients, the number of capillaries in visceral adipose tissue is reduced compared to non-obese individuals, and the degree of vascularization was almost the same regardless of the degree of obesity or changes in the metabolic profile. Morphologically, patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes have a significant increase in the size of adipocytes in visceral adipose tissue, but the changes that occur in adipose tissue are not the result of prolonged hyperglycemia and may be associated with genetic or epigenetic factors of patients. In obesity, the increase in adipose tissue occurs due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia, which explains the relative decrease in the number of vessels in adipose tissue.