Mechanisms of thrombosis in cancer

Influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus on Khorana venous thromboembolism risk in colorectal cancer patients

“…Thrombosis and cancer are linked by numerous pathophysiological mechanisms. It is reported that approximately 50% of non-metastatic cancer patients and 90% metastatic cancer patients present with abnormal activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis (15). A positive association has also been reported between diabetes and risk of VTE.…”

The Role of CMR Imaging for the Differential Diagnosis of Right-Sided Intracardiac Masses: A Case Report

“…Patients with recently diagnosed oncological process are at higher risk of the metastatic disease [11] to the heart which is more common than primary cardiac neoplasia [34] and 15% of the patients with any type of cancer may present with cardiac metastases [10], which can occur through the direct invasion (lung or breast cancer), lymphatic (lymphomas or melanomas) and hematogenous (renal cell carcinoma) spread [10,11,34]. On the other hand, the hypercoagulable states, resulting in the venous thrombosis, the right heart and/or pulmonary thromboembolism, remain the significant causes of the morbidity and mortality for patients with cancer [12,13,23,24]. Furthermore, some publications maintain that the thrombosis or thromboembolism, especially when unprovoked, may declare a diagnosis of the cancer in a subset of patients without known malignancy and sometimes is called as the primary face of the cancer [25,26].…”

“…Although the exact pathogenetic mechanisms of the hypercoagulability in oncology remain obscure, there are obvious evidences that this type of patients have a wide variety of risk factors for the formation of the thrombus or migration of the embolus in the circulation through the right-side of the heart. The risk factors include the main oncological pathology with its pathogenic mechanisms that have a contagious cohesion with hipercoagulable states (the interaction of monocytes and macrophages with malignant cells, the production of the pro-coagulants or other substances as sialo acid from mucine in tumor cells), the applicable treatment (chemotherapy, surgery), a bed rest due to the critical condition or even the medical implements such as central venous catheters, commonly used in clinical practice, especially for patients with oncological process [13,24]. Alkindi et al presented the case of the catheter-related right atrial thrombosis in a patient with the history of cancer, treated by chemotherapy, and determined its related factors that could predispose the hypercoagulable state while using these medical implements [2].…”

A kórházi és az ambuláns kemoterápiában részesülő onkológiai betegek vénásthromboembolia-profilaxisának aktuális kérdései

“…(Meg kell jegyezni, hogy a betegek különbö-ző típusú tumorokban, lokális és távoli metasztázisokban szenvedtek.) Ez a VTE-arány kevés a rutinprofilaxis elrendeléséhez, ugyanakkor bizonyos tumortípusokban nagy a VTE kockázata, és ezekben a betegekben előnyös lehet a thrombosisprofilaxis [2,9]. Például a hasnyálmi-rigyrák (5,3-26,0%) és agydaganat (1,6-26,0%) esetén a legnagyobb, míg emlő-(0,4-8,1%) és prosztatarák (0,5-1,4%) esetén a legalacsonyabb a VTE aránya [2,10].…”

“…Például a hasnyálmi-rigyrák (5,3-26,0%) és agydaganat (1,6-26,0%) esetén a legnagyobb, míg emlő-(0,4-8,1%) és prosztatarák (0,5-1,4%) esetén a legalacsonyabb a VTE aránya [2,10]. Emellett metasztázis esetén nagyobb a kockázat, mint a lokalizált tumoros betegekben [2,9]. Egy új tanulmány-ban nagy VTE-kockázatú (tüdő-, petefészek-, hasnyál-mirigy-és gyomorrákos) és kemoterápiát kapó betegekben a VTE-rizikó aránya 12,6% volt (húgyhólyagrákban 8,2%, hasnyálmirigyrákban 19,2%) a kemoterápia utáni 3-12 hónapban, szemben az 1,4% nem daganatos, VTEben szevedő betegek VTE-gyakoriságával [11].…”