Mechanistic and kinetic aspects of the curing of phthalonitrile monomers in the presence of propargyl groups

Augustine, Dhanya; Mathew, Dona; Nair, C. P. Reghunadhan

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2015.01.055

Cited by 58 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…DSC curve of 2 showed an endothermic peak related to melting at 117 °C and curing peak with onset at 244 °C (Figure ). General shape of DSC curve corresponds with the curve reported for curing of mixture of dipropargyl and diphthalonitrile derivatives of bisphenol A . In contrast to the data, peak of phthalonitrile moiety polymerization for 2 was situated at 307 °C, which is a little bit lower temperature than described for blends .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…General shape of DSC curve corresponds with the curve reported for curing of mixture of dipropargyl and diphthalonitrile derivatives of bisphenol A . In contrast to the data, peak of phthalonitrile moiety polymerization for 2 was situated at 307 °C, which is a little bit lower temperature than described for blends . This could be connected with the lower viscosity of 2 in comparison to the reported blends, and suggests rapid diffusion.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Recently it has been reported that propargyl aryl ether blended with phthalonitriles could act as a polymerization activator of the latter, producing materials with high thermal properties inherent to phthalonitrile matrices . Based upon the results, in this work we combined propargyl ether and phthalonitrile function in one molecule acquiring in a new bifunctional self‐curing monomer suitable for acting as a matrix for FRP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual‐curing thermosetting monomer containing both propargyl ether and phthalonitrile groups

Bulgakov

Сулимов

Babkin

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Novel self-curing monomer containing two thermosetting groups, namely propargyl ether and phthalonitrile (PN) in a molecular structure, is synthesized and investigated. The study of catalyzed and uncatalyzed curing is performed and high heat release during curing is observed. This disadvantage can be adjusted by catalysis of propargyl ether polymerization with Ni (II), Co (II), and Cu (II) salts. The cured monomer possesses high thermal properties featured to phthalonitrile matrices (Heat deflection temperature, HDT 5 428 8C, T 5% 5 499 8C) and moderate mechanical properties (E 5 4.9 6 0.65 GPa, G IC 5 106 6 26 J/m 2 ), it can be applied as a high temperature matrix for carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP). Low melt viscosity (223 mPa s at 120 8C) of the monomer provides a possibility to consider its application for composite material formation by vacuum infusion or resin transfer molding (RTM) techniques, which are exceptionally rarely applied for matrices with HDT > 300 8C but allow to obtain composites of complex shape with minimal joining parts.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dual‐curing thermosetting monomer containing both propargyl ether and phthalonitrile groups

Bulgakov

Сулимов

Babkin

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This result is in agreement with DSC data for curing low-molecular propargylated bisphenol A that has peak at around 280°C. [12] To estimate the influence of radicals on curing process, the following three mixtures were prepared: PN and cumene hydroperoxide (CHP); PN and APN; and EPAN and CHP. All the admixtures content was 50% mass to simulate the amount of radicals that arise during decomposition process.…”

Section: Curementioning

confidence: 99%

Novel propargyl-substituted azo-coupled phenolic resins

Kalugin

Luchinkin

Nechausov

et al. 2015

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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Novel propargyl that contains phenolic resins via azo-coupling reaction was synthesized. Peculiarities of curing process were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Polymerization of resins with azo groups was estimated to be affected by radicals obtained at resin decomposition causing 10°C peak shift to lower temperatures in comparison with resin containing only propargyl group. At the same time, polymerization of triple propargyl bond was shown to not proceed at radical initiation until Cleisen rearrangement and chromene formation. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed increase of thermal stability by 170-190°C and char yield by up to 20% for modified resins in comparison with original novolac resin. Heat deflection temperature estimated by dynamic mechanical analysis was also shown to be increased by at least 110°C for modified resins in comparison with novolac resin. All the synthesized resins are soluble in acetone and used for preparation of unidirectional glass fiberbased composites. Flexural strength and modulus for modified resins-based composites were shown to increase by at least 25% and 10% correspondingly in comparison with novolac-based composite.

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“…Since the condition of curing neat phthalonitriles was extremely sluggish [9], curing additives were utilized to accelerate the cross-linking reaction. Among kinds of curing additives, e.g., metals [10], metallic salts [11], organic acids [3c], phenols [12], amines [13], and bispropargyl ether [14], diamines are more extensively used [6a,15]. Two factors have been taken into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced thermal properties of phthalonitrile networks by cooperating phenyl-s-triazine moieties in backbones

Zong

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2015

Polymer

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Mechanistic and kinetic aspects of the curing of phthalonitrile monomers in the presence of propargyl groups

Cited by 58 publications

References 40 publications

Dual‐curing thermosetting monomer containing both propargyl ether and phthalonitrile groups

Dual‐curing thermosetting monomer containing both propargyl ether and phthalonitrile groups

Novel propargyl-substituted azo-coupled phenolic resins

Enhanced thermal properties of phthalonitrile networks by cooperating phenyl-s-triazine moieties in backbones

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