Mechanistic insights into high lithium storage performance of mesoporous chromium nitride anchored on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes

CrN-Encapsulated Hollow Cr-N-C Capsules Boosting Oxygen Reduction Catalysis in PEMFC

“…In the Cr 2p region, the XPS spectrum provides clear signals at 577.3 and 586.8 eV due to Cr 2p 3/2 and Cr 2p 1/2 , attributed to chromium(III) (Figure 3a). 50,51 No metallic chromium was detected by XPS. The N 1s XPS spectrum can be deconvoluted into four components, pyridinic-N (398.5 eV), pyrrolic-N (399.2 eV), graphitic-N (400.9 eV), and quaternary-N (404.5 eV) (Figure 3b).…”

Carbon Nanocoil-Supported Three-Dimensional Structure of Nickel–Cobalt Nitrides as the Electrode Material for Supercapacitors

“…Therefore, pseudocapacitors store a substantial amount of charges as compared to EDLCs. For a large-scale commercial production, devoted efforts are required to synthesize electrode materials with economical synthesis procedures and desirable structures for SC systems. ,, Additionally, pseudocapacitive materials sustain their performance at high rates even after several cycles, which makes them favorable candidates for commercialization. ,,,, Furthermore, due to the remarkable conversion reaction mechanism and high capacity of the pseudocapacitive electrode materials, they have been considered ideal candidates among the commonly reported electrode materials. , Previously, bimetallic oxides (such as Ni–Mn) and transition-metal oxides (such as Fe 2 O 3 , Co 3 O 4 , and MnO 2 ) have been utilized as electrode materials, primarily due to enriched oxidative and reductive reactions. , Owing to the poor electrical conductivities and bad cyclic stability of the aforementioned electrode materials, their potential use for practical applications is limited. ,, To overcome the above-mentioned inherent limitations, researchers targeted the transition-metal nitrides (TMNs) (e.g., Co 4 N, CrN, Ni 3 FeN, and Fe 2 N) and metal oxinitrides (TiN x O y ) . Comparatively, TMNs possess exceptional properties such as diverse chemical valence states, excellent conductivity (4000–55,500 S cm –1 ), better sustainability, and moderately high capacity which have made them the perfect choice as electrode materials for practical energy storage devices. ,− Furthermore, due to the higher electronic energy states of 2p orbitals of nitrogen (N) in TMNs, the band gap in TMNs has been narrowed, hence offering a high electron conductivity …”

SnCo@C@Mn3O4 Yolk–Shell Hierarchical Hybrid Nanocubes with Exceptional Lithium Storage Performance

“…Currently, Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are increasingly utilized in portable electronics and electric vehicles due to their environmental friendliness, excellent cycling performance, and high energy density. − However, owing to its low theoretical capacity of 372 mAh g –1 , it is difficult for graphitic carbon as the commercial anode material to meet the ever-growing demand of high energy for LIBs. , Tin-based nanomaterials are attractive substitutes of commercial anode graphite due to their abundant reserves and high theoretical capacity (994 mAh g –1 ). − However, the huge volume change of Sn anode materials during deep cycles causes volume deformation and repeated reformation/destruction of the solid–electrolyte interface layer (SEI), worsening the cyclic performance. − Moreover, the conductivity of Sn anode materials still needs to be further improved to enhance their diffusion rate of Li + /e – . − …”